1st Edition

Sampling Methodologies with Applications

By Poduri S.R.S. Rao Copyright 2000
    336 Pages 20 B/W Illustrations
    by Chapman & Hall

    336 Pages
    by Chapman & Hall

    Sampling methods are integral to the design of surveys and experiments, to the validity of results, and thus to the study of statistics, social science, and a variety other disciplines that use statistical data. Yet most of the available texts on the subject are either quite advanced and theoretical or too applied, descriptive, and lacking statistical results.

    Sampling Methodologies with Applications offers a balanced, practical treatment of the techniques and applications of the commonly used procedures for sampling from finite populations. It keeps mathematics to a minimum, but does not avoid them entirely: it features the principle results within the text but provides their derivations in the Appendices to each chapter. In an easily followed, step-by-step presentation, the author motivates each topic with illustrations followed by examples and exercises. All of these are constructed from everyday, practical situations covering a wide variety of topics, from scholastic aptitude tests to healthcare expenditures and presidential elections.

    Why wade through advanced, theoretical tomes when what you need is straightforward, practical information? Why risk missing important statistical results often omitted from more basic texts? Sampling Methodologies with Applications has everything you need, presented clearly and logically for quick access to topics central to actual practice.

    INTRODUCTION
    Censuses and Surveys
    Types of Surveys
    Sampling Frame
    Questionnaires, Interviews, and Sample Sizes
    Probability Sampling
    Nonprobability Sampling
    Sampling in Practice
    SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING: ESTIMATION OF MEANS AND TOTALS
    Population Total, Mean and Variance
    Sampling without Replacement
    Sample Mean and Variance
    Properties of Simple Random Sampling
    Unbiasedness of the Sample Mean and Variance
    Standard Error of the Sample Mean
    Distribution of the Sample Mean
    Confidence Limits for the Mean
    Estimating the Total
    Coefficient of Variation of the Sample Mean
    Sample Size Determination
    Sample Sizes for Individual Groups
    SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING: RELATED TOPICS
    Bias, Variance and Mean Square Error (MSE) of an Estimator
    Precision, Accuracy and Consistency
    Covariance and Correlation
    Linear Combination of Two Characteristics
    Systematic Sampling
    Nonresponse
    Inference Regarding the Means
    Sampling with Replacement
    PROPORTIONS, PERCENTAGES, AND COUNTS
    Two Classes
    Total Number or Count
    Confidence Limits
    Sample Sizes for Specified Requirements
    Political and Public Polls
    Estimation for more than Two Classes
    Combining Estimates from Surveys
    Covariances of Proportions
    Difference between Proportions
    Sample Sizes for more than Two Classes
    Estimating Population Size
    STRATIFICATION
    Notation
    Estimation for a Single Stratum
    Estimation of the Population Mean and Total
    Confidence Limits
    Proportions and Totals
    Population Total and Proportion
    Proportional and Equal Allocation of the Sample
    Neyman Allocation
    Gains from Neyman Allocation
    Summary on the Precisions of the Allocations
    Sample Size Allocation to Estimate Proportions
    Sample Size to Estimate Means and Totals
    Sample Sizes to Estimate Proportions
    Sample Sizes for Minimizing Variance or Cost
    Further Topics
    SUBPOPULATIONS
    Totals, Means, and Variances
    Estimation of the Means and their Differences
    Totals of Subpopulations
    Sample Sizes for Estimating the Means and Totals
    Proportions and Counts
    Subpopulations of a Stratum
    Totals and Means of Subpopulations in Strata
    Stratification: Proportions and Counts of Subpopulations
    CLUSTER SAMPLING
    Clusters of Equal Sizes
    Estimation of the Means
    Comparison with Simple Random Sampling
    Estimation of the Standard Error
    Optimum Cluster and Sample Sizes
    Unequal Size Clusters
    Alternative Estimation with Unequal Sizes
    Proportions and Percentages
    Stratification
    Unequal Probability Selection
    Horvitz-Thompson Estimator
    Alternative Approaches
    SAMPLING IN TWO STAGES
    Equal Size First Stage Units
    Estimating the Mean
    Sample Size Determination - Equal size PSUs
    Unequal Size Primary Units
    Sample Sizes - Unequal Size PSUs
    Ratio Adjustment for the Sizes
    Proportions and Totals
    Unequal Probability Selection
    RATIOS AND RATIO ESTIMATORS
    Bias and Variance of the Sample Ratio
    Confidence Limits for the Ratio of Means
    Ratio Estimators for the Mean and Total
    Confidence Limits for the Mean and Total
    Differences between Ratios, Means, or Totals
    Regression through the Origin and the BLUEs
    Ratio Estimation versus Stratification
    Ratio Estimation with Stratification
    Bias Reduction
    Two-phase or Double Sampling Ratio Estimators
    Ratio Estimator with Unequal Probability Selection
    Multivariate Ratio Estimator
    REGRESSION ESTIMATION
    The Regression Estimator
    Estimation from the Sample
    Classical Linear Regression
    Differences between Regression Estimators
    Regression Estimation versus Stratification
    Stratification and Regression Estimator
    Multiple Regression Estimator
    Double Sampling Regression Estimator
    Generalized Regression and Calibration Estimators
    NONRESPONSE AND REMEDIES
    Effects of Survey Topics and Interviewing Methods
    Response Rates
    Bias and MSE
    Estimating Proportions
    Subsampling the Nonrespondents
    Estimating the Missing Observations
    Ratio and Regression Estimators
    Poststratification and Weighting
    Response Probabilities and Weighting
    Imputation
    Related Topics
    FURTHER TOPICS
    Linearization
    The Jackknife
    The Bootstrap
    Balanced Repeated Replication (BRR)
    Small Area Estimation
    Complex Surveys
    SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    APPENDIX OF TABLES

    NOTE: Each chapter also contains an Introduction, Exercises and Appendix

    Biography

    Poduri S.R.S. Rao