Features
Explains traditional and experimental ways of investigating biofilmsEvaluates sensing, microscopy and laser technologiesProvides information for characterizing structure and metabolism of biofilmsFacilitates analysis for water, wastewater, and groundwater specialistsApplies to corrosion and biofouling problems
Summary
Until now, techniques for studying biofilms- the cellular colonies that live in drinking water systems, wastewater operations, even ground and surface water- have been limited. Yet during the last decade, biofilms have become a critical element in water quality preservation systems, a key component of wastewater treatment biological reactions and the subject of extensive microbiological inquiry. An understanding of biofilm development, structure and dynamics is one condition for improving water supplies and for addressing technical problems such as biofouling, corrosion and bioweathering.
Biofilms: Investigative Methods and Applications provides the first in-depth assessment of current and experimental ways to study biofilms, both in sample form and in situ. It shows how sensors, microscopy, lasers, and calorimetry, among other tools, can be used to obtain data on the morphology and metabolism of biofilms. This text is the first to organize and examine the best methods for investigating biofilms. It covers culture-based methods and emerging nondestructive techniques. It also shows how they can be used to characterize biofilms in a variety of manmade settings, such as sewers, wastewater plants, and drinking water distribution systems, as well as in karsts and groundwater sources.
In clarifying the way biofilms are studied, the book offers new insights into these living films. It also applies inquiry techniques to the many problems confronting the environmental specialist-corrosion control, biofouling, and the improvement of fixed reactors in wastewater treatment. At the same time it explains technologies for the controlled growth of biofilms and shows how biofilms can be effectively monitored and subjected to quantitative analysis. The technical information in Biofilms: Investigative Methods and Applications is designed to be of use to engineers and researchers and to be helpful in the generation of electronic data.
Table of Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Steps in Biofilm Sampling and Characterization in Biofouling Cases by Gabriela Schaule, Thomas Griebe and Hans-Curt Flemming
Introduction
Sampling Strategy
Field Methods In Situ
Laboratory Methods
Laboratory Methods to Examine Removed Biofilms
Identification
Chemical and Biochemical Analysis
Genetic Methods
Immunological Methods
Conclusions and Outlook
References
Rotating Annular Reactors for Controlled Growth of Biofilms by Thomas Griebe and Hans-Curt Flemming
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
References
Microcalorimetry for Evaluating Countermeasures against Biofouling in Water Circulation Systems by Henry Von Rége and Wolfgang Sand
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Extraction and Quantification of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Wastewater by Rosemarie Spaeth and Stefan Wuertz
Introduction
Extraction Methods
Quantification
Cell Lysis
Applications
Acknowledgements
Nomenclature
References
Cell Biomass Determination in Sewer Biofilms and a Monospecies Pseudomonas putida Biofilm by Andreas Jahn and Per Halkjaer Nielsen
Introduction
Direct Determination
Indirect Methods
Conclusions
References
Simultaneous Morphological and Population Analyses of Environmental Biofilms by Jannie A. Flood, Nicholas J. Ashbolt and Peter J. Beatson
Principle of the Method
Range of Applications
Methods
Results
Comparison with Other Methods
Discussion
Nomenclature
Acknowledgements
References
Development of a New Method to Determine the Metabolic Potential of Bacteria in Drinking Water Biofilms: Probe Active Counts (PAC) by Sibylle Kalmbach, Werner Manz and Ulrich Szewzyk
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
References
Formation and Bacterial Composition of Young, Natural Biofilms Obtained from Public Bank-Filtered Drinking Water Systems by Thomas Schwartz, Sandra Hoffmann and Ursula Obst
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
The Use of Immunological Techniques and Scanning Confocal Laser Microscopy for the Characterization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas fluorescens, Atrazine-Utilizing Biofilms by Martina Hausner, John R. Lawrence, Gideon M. Wolfaardt, Michael Schloter, Klaus-Peter Seiler and A. Hartmann
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
The in situ Detection of a Microbial Biofilm Community on Karst Rock Coupon in a Groundwater Habitat by E. Müller, B. Assmus, A. Hartmann and K.-P. Seiler
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Summary
References
Investigation of Spatial and Temporal Gradients in Fixed-Bed Biofilm Reactors for Wastewater Treatment by Axel Wobus, Kerstin Röske and Isolde Röske
Introduction
Aim of the Study
Experimental Setup
Chlorophenol Elimination by Biofilms under Different Operating Conditions
Quantitative Determination of Biomass and Biological Activity
Investigation of the Biomass and Biological Activity
Investigation of the Bacterial Community of the Biofilm
The Protozoa and Metazoa in Biofilms
Conclusions
Nomenclature
Acknowledgements
References
Quantitative Microscopy in Biofilm Studies by Martin Kuehn, Ulrich Schindler, Peter A. Wilderer and Stefan Wuertz
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) of Biofilms by Thomas R. Neu
Introduction
CLSM History
Confocal Imaging
Advantages/Disadvantages
Techniques
Applications
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Microelectrodes and Tube Reactors in Biofilm Research by Harald Horn
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
References
Index