1st Edition

Pharmacokinetic Analysis A Practical Approach

By I-Der Lee, Gordon Amidon Copyright 1996
    562 Pages
    by Routledge

    This insightful work provides a useful introduction to the very large and important field of pharmacokinetics. The authors have selected the Time Constant Approach as a unifying view within which to present important application areas. In addition to providing consistency, their approach provides the novice with an intuitive time view that is meaningful from the outset. This approach allows one to get a "feel" for the data and to relate it to other data in a direct and accessible manner.

    The Time Constant Approach provides a synthesis of the noncompartmental and compartmental methods, with the advantages of both. It starts by defining a physiologically meaningful model based on the pharmacokinetic processes involved. The Time Constant Approach recognizes pharmacokinetics as a number of processes that move drugs between physiological compartments, each process occurring at its own characteristic length of time, to correlate descriptive pharmacokinetic events with time constants of pharmacokinetic processes. While analogous to the three most common testing approaches for pharmacokinetics (the noncompartmental, compartmental and statistical moment approaches) the Time Constant Approach possesses many advantages.

    Section I: Basics and Methods * Introduction


    Time Constant Approach

    Evaluation of Time Constants by Visual Inspection of Concentration

    Time Profiles

    Scaling of Time Constants Among Different Animal Species


    Section II: Formulation Factors
    Influence of Administration Route on Pharmacokinetics

    Bioavailability

    Influence of Formulation on Pharmacokinetics

    Bioequivalence

    Influence of Dosage on Pharmacokinetics

    Dose Proportionality

    Pharmacokinetics of Sustained Release and Immediate Release Formulations


    Section III: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Pharmacodynamics * Absorption of Drugs in Gastrointestinal Tract


    Drug Distribution into Tissue

    Tissue Penetration

    Pharmacokinetics of Metabolites

    Relationship between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics


    Section IV: Interactions
    Influences of Food on Pharmacokinetics

    Effects of Drug Interactions on Pharmacokinetics


    Section V: Special Population
    Influence of Age on Pharmacokinetics

    Difference in Pharmacokinetics between Genders

    Special Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Renal Impairment

    Special Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Hepatic Impairment

    Special Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Other Diseases


    Appendices:
    Derivation of Mean Residence Time from Input and Output Times

    Derivation of AUC and AUMC Using Laplace Transform

    Derivation of AUC and AUMC in the Pharmacokinetic Models

    Index

    Biography

    I-Der Lee; Gordon Amidon