Environmental Toxicology: Biological and Health Effects of Pollutants
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Summary
How are pollutants transformed after their release into the environment? How are organisms exposed, and how do physiological alterations impact population dynamics and community structure? What direct or indirect impacts occur? As early as the 50s and 60s people living near industrial plants began to recognize undesirable changes in their environment - and to ask these very questions.
The discipline of environmental toxicology addresses these questions. Written by an expert with over twenty years experience, Environmental Toxicology covers the physiological and toxicological effects of environmental toxicants on living systems. It explores the sources, and the physical and chemical characteristics of toxicants. It goes further to highlight their impact on plants, animals, and humans.
The author furnishes information on the mechanism of action of individual chemicals and chemical combinations including cellular damage at the molecular level. He defines environmental toxicology and discusses the relationship between human activities and their impacts on living systems.
He furnishes an overview of our changing environment and the possible link between that environment and the changing pattern of human diseases.
Environmental Toxicology provides fundamental knowledge on the toxicological effects of environmental chemicals on living systems. Its fifteen chapters cover the occurrence of toxicants, air pollution, environmental metals, pesticides and related materials such as PCBs and dioxins, mutagenesis, and environmental cancer. This useful resource will enhance your knowledge of the impacts of environmental toxicants on living organisms.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Study of Environmental Toxicology
Postwar Development and the Environment
Environmental Pollution and Law
Importance of Environmental Toxicology
Environmental Change and Health
Our Changing Environment
Our Changing Disease Pattern
Examples of Environmental Diseases
Occurrence of Toxicants
Visible Smoke or Fog
Offensive Odors
Agricultural Damage
Intoxication of Animals
Injuries to Humans
Acute and Chronic Effects
Damage Process and Action of Toxicants
Plants
Mammalian Organism
Mechanism of Action
Factors Affecting Xenobiotic Action
Physicochemical Properties
Dose/Concentration
Duration and Mode of Exposure
Environmental Factors
Interaction
Biological Factors
Nutritional Factors
Metabolism of Environmental Chemicals
Types of Biotransformation
Mechanisms of Biotransformation
Consequence of Biotransformation
Factors Influencing Biotransformation
Characteristics of the Cytochrome P450s
Defense Responses to Toxicants
Responses of Humans/Animals
Responses of Plants
Air Pollution - Inorganic Gases
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide
Ozone
Carbon Monoxide
Air Pollution - Particulate Matter
Characteristics
Formation of Particulates
Toxicity
Silica
Beryllium
Asbestos
Environmental Fluoride
Occurrence and Forms of Fluoride
Sources of Environmental Fluoride
Industrial Sources of Fluoride in the Environment
Effects on Plants
Effects on Animals
Effects on Humans
Volatile Organic Compounds
Sources
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Environmental Metals
Lead
Cadmium
Mercury
Nickel
Arsenic
Pesticides and Related Materials
Insecticides
Herbicides
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Polybrominated Biphenyls
Dioxin
Mutagenic Pollutants
Types of Mutation
Effect of Mutations
Induction of Mutation
Environmental Cancer
Causes of Cancer
Stages in the Development of Cancer
Metastasis
Classification of Carcinogens
Metabolism of Carcinogens
DNA Repair
Glossary
Index
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