Air Sampling and Industrial Hygiene Engineering
Features
Summary
We know certain chemicals cause problems in the workplace. The issues now are: Where do they occur in the workplace? How can we best evaluate them? What are the procedures for dealing with them safely? Many books simply define the problem and tell you that you need a program. Air Sampling and Industrial Hygiene gives you a guide to air sampling protocols from start to finish.
The book presents sampling technology updated with today's tools - such as microcircuitry and remote sensing. The authors emphasize an interdisciplinary approach to understanding how air monitoring can adequately report current environmental conditions associated with outdoor media, indoor remediation efforts, proximal equipment, interior line monitoring, and the interrelationship of ventilation parameters.
In addition to providing the how-tos of sampling, this guide covers the basics of chemical risk assessment, biological assessment, engineering evaluation of mechanical system design criteria, and chemical or process engineering hazard assessments. It presents the information using text, text outlines, graphics, and pictures - including cross sections of instrumentation and side bars to elaborate on complex concepts.
Faulty readings caused by poor sampling techniques can be very costly. This book provides the how-tos for making design engineering and on-site decisions as to instrumentation selection and scheduled usage. Air Sampling and Industrial Hygiene Engineering will allow you to complete the sampling process systematically and correctly from initial suspicions to the use of obtained results.
Table of Contents
AIR SAMPLING INTRODUCTION
Documentation
Sample Documentation
Competency for Sampling Technicians
Sampling Activity Hazard Analysis (AHA)
Security
Equipment Precautions
Adverse Temperature Effects
Explosive Atmospheres
Atmospheres Containing Carcinogens
AIR SAMPLING INSTRUMENTATION OPTIONS
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Ozone Meter
Toxic Gas Meters
Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (SVOC)
Acid Gases or Caustics
Mercury Analyzer-Gold Film Analyzer
Particulates - Sampled by Filtration/Impaction
Gravimetric Filter Weighing Procedure
Total Dust and Metal Fume
Respirable Dust
Inhalable Dusts
Personnel Environmental Monitors (PEMs)
Welding Fumes
Asbestos
Direct-Reading Dust Monitors
Biologicals
Radiation Monitors and Meters
Light
Ionizing Radiation
Equation 2-1
Equation 2-2
Nonionizing Radiation
CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES
Calibration Requirements
Manual Buret Bubble Meter Technique (Primary Calibration)
Electronic Flow Calibrators
Electronic Bubble Meter Method
Dry Flow Calibration
Precision Rotameter Method (Secondary)
Span Gas
Bump Testing
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND RELEVANCE
Definitions
Example - Outline of Bulk Sampling QA/QC Procedure
Example - Outline of the NIOSH 7400 QA Procedure
Sampling and Analytical Errors (SAE)
Sampling Methods
Calculations
Equation 4-1
Equation 4-2
Equation 4-3
Calculation Method for a Full-Period, Continuous Single Sample
Equation 4-4
Equation 4-5
Equation 4-6
Sample Calculation for Full-Period, Continuous Single Sample
Calculation Method for Full-Period Consecutive Sampling
Equation 4-7
Equation 4-8
Sample Calculation - Full-Period Consecutive Sampling
Grab Sampling
SAEs - Exposure to Chemical Mixtures
Equation 4-9
CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
Baseline Risk Assessment (BLRA)
Conceptual Site Model
Chemicals of Potential Concern (COPC)
Human Health Baseline Risk Assessment Criteria
Toxicity Assessment
Toxicological Profiles
Uncertainties Related to Toxicity Information
Potentially Exposed Populations
Environmental Fate and Transport of COPCS
Exposure Points and Exposure Routes
Complete Exposure Pathways Evaluated
Ecological Risk Assessment
Data Evaluation and Data Gaps
Uncertainties
Risk Characterization
Head Space Monitoring - Volatiles
O2/Combustible Gas Indicator (CGI)
Industrial Monitoring - Process Safety Management
Bulk Samples
BIOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
Fungi, Molds, and Risk
Biological Agents and Fungi Types
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Fungi and Disease
Fungi Control
Abatement
INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) AND ENVIRONS
Ventilation Design Guide
Example Design Conditions Guidance
Mechanical Room Layout Requirements
Electrical Equipment/Panel Coordination
General Piping Requirements
Roof Mounted Equipment
Vibration Isolation/Equipment Pads
Instrumentation
Redundancy
Exterior Heat Distribution System
Thermal Insulation of Mechanical Systems
Plumbing System
Compressed Air System
Air Supply and Distribution System
Ductwork Design
Ventilation and Exhaust Systems
Testing, Adjusting and Balancing of HVAC Systems
Ventilation Adequacy
Laboratory Fume Hood Performance Criteria
Flow Hoods
Thermoanemometer
Other Velometers
AREA MONITORING & CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Area of Influence Perimeter
Air Monitoring by Task Page
Evacuation Zones
Site Work Zone
Radiation Sites
Equation 8-1
Equation 8-2
Equation 8-3
Equation 8-4
Equation 8-5
Table 8-1
Equation 8-6
Table 8-2
Equation 8-7
Equation 8-8
Table 8-4
Sample Weighting Factors
Table 8-5
Table 8-6
Equation 8-9
Equation 8-10
Equation 8-11
Equation 8-12
Table 8-7
MICROCIRCUITRY AND REMOTE MONITORING
Continuous Indoor Air Quality Monitoring in Buildings
Industrial/Remediation Process Monitoring
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH - AIR MONITORING STRATEGIES
Exposure Measurements
STEL Sampling
Exposure Fluctuations
Air Sampling Pump Donning
Air Sampling - Asbestos
Table 10-1
Formula for Calculation of the 95 Percent Confidence Level
Table 10-2 NIOSH Method 7400
Table 10-3
EPA AHERA Method: TEM Air Sampling Protocol
Crystalline Silica Samples Analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
Metals - Welding
General Technique for Wipe Sampling
MONITORING FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RISK
Types of Sampling
Quality Control
Exposure Evaluation Criteria
Examples of Chemicals that Require Monitoring
Confined Space Monitoring
Welding
RISK COMMUNICATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Federal Legislation
Key Compliance Requirements
Key Compliance Definitions
Community Relations
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
INDEX
Editorial Reviews
"There is an ongoing need for proper sampling techniques, not the least of which is air sampling. I know of no single book that covers what Boss' book intends to cover. This book could be a "stand alone" guide for air sampling." -Keith Barenklau, Ph.D., P.E., C.S.P., Consultant and author
