Table of Contents

Ecotoxicology as a Science, M.C. Newman
Ecotoxicology Assessed from a Scientific Context
Ecotoxicology and the Qualities of a Scientific Discipline
The Emergence of Ecotoxicology as a Science
Ecotoxicology of Metals in the Aquatic Environment: Geochemical Aspects, P.G.C. Campbell and A. Tessier
Introduction
Geochemical Considerations
Interactions between Dissolved Trace Metals and Aquatic Organisms
Interactions between Particulate Trace Metals and Aquatic Organisms
Ecotoxicological Considerations - Metallothionein as a Biochemical Indicator of Metal-Induced Stress
Ecotoxicants at the Cell-Membrane Barrier, K. Simkiss
Background
Origin of the Concepts on Membrane Permeability
Entry into the Cell
Complex Interactions
Membrane Ecotoxicology
Membranes in the Ecotoxicology Hierarchy
Evaluation of Organic Contaminant Exposure in Aquatic Organisms: The Significance of Bioconcentration and Bioaccumulation, P. Landrum, G.A. Harkey, and J. Kukkonen
Introduction
Aqueous Exposures
Sediment Exposures
Food Web Transfer
Estimation Methods
Steady-State Models
Uses and Limits of Toxicokinetics
Bioavailability
Utility and Assessment
Molecular Markers to Toxic Agents, L.R. Shugart
The Problem
Biological Markers
Molecular Markers to Toxicants
Genetic Ecotoxicology
Conclusions
Responses at the Tissue Level: Quantitative Methods in Histopathology Applied to Ecotoxicology, C.H. Jagoe
Conceptual Background
The Necessity of Quantitation
Methods for Quantifying Effects at the Cell and Tissue Levels
An Example: Effects of Low pH and Dissolved Metals on Fish Gills
Conclusion
Effects of Pollutants on Individual Life Histories and Population Growth Rates, R.M. Sibly
Introduction
Effects of Pollutants on Individual Organisms, and the Consequences for Population Growth Rate
Population Density and Population Ecology
Evolutionary Analysis
Conclusions
Ecologically Meaningful Estimates of Lethal Effect in Individuals, M.C. Newman and P.M. Dixon
Overview
The Dose-Response (Time Endpoint) Approach
The Time-Response (Survival Time) Approach
Conclusion
Demography Meets Ecotoxicology: Untangling the Population Levels Effects of Toxic Substances, H. Caswell
Introduction
Demographic Models
Life Table Response Experiments
Decomposing Treatment Effects: Why and How?
Discussion
Toxicants as Selective Agents in Population and Community Dynamics, R.K. Chesser and D.W. Sugg
Introduction
Methods
Ecosystem Stability
Perturbations
Species Redundancies
Immigration
Generalizations
Effects of Environmental Stressors on Interspecific Interactions of Aquatic Animals, G.J. Atchison, M.B. Sandheinrich, and M.D. Bryan
Overview
General Background
Predation
Competition for Resources
Conclusions
Ecotoxicology and the Redundancy Problem: Understanding Effects on Community Structure and Function, J.R. Pratt and J. Cairns, Jr.
Introduction
Possible Relationships between Structure and Function
Ecosystem Differences
Predictive Approaches
Linking Ecology and Ecotoxicology
Toward a New Ecotoxicology: Slaying Some Myths
Ecosystems and Ecotoxicology: A Personal Perspective, D.W. Schindler
Introduction
A Definition of Ecosystem Ecology
The Conceptual Basis for Evaluating Indicators of Stress in Ecosystems
Summary, C.L. Strojan
Index