1st Edition

Smart Use of State Public Health Data for Health Disparity Assessment

By Ge Lin, Ming Qu Copyright 2016
    332 Pages 8 Color & 35 B/W Illustrations
    by Productivity Press

    328 Pages 8 Color & 35 B/W Illustrations
    by Productivity Press

    Health services are often fragmented along organizational lines with limited communication among the public health–related programs or organizations, such as mental health, social services, and public health services. This can result in disjointed decision making without necessary data and knowledge, organizational fragmentation, and disparate knowledge development across the full array of public health needs. When new questions or challenges arise that require collaboration, individual public health practitioners (e.g., surveillance specialists and epidemiologists) often do not have the time and energy to spend on them.

    Smart Use of State Public Health Data for Health Disparity Assessment promotes data integration to aid crosscutting program collaboration. It explains how to maximize the use of various datasets from state health departments for assessing health disparity and for disease prevention. The authors offer practical advice on state public health data use, their strengths and weaknesses, data management insight, and lessons learned. They propose a bottom-up approach for building an integrated public health data warehouse that includes localized public health data.

    The book is divided into three sections: Section I has seven chapters devoted to knowledge and skill preparations for recognizing disparity issues and integrating and analyzing local public health data. Section II provides a systematic surveillance effort by linking census tract poverty to other health disparity dimensions. Section III provides in-depth studies related to Sections I and II. All data used in the book have been geocoded to the census tract level, making it possible to go more local, even down to the neighborhood level.

    Enhanced Public Health Program Collaboration through Data Integration
    Introduction
    Data Integration at the National and State Levels
    Infrastructure Approach to Data Integration
    Chapter Highlights
    References

    Common Population-Based Health Disparity Dimensions
    Introduction
    Race and Ethnicity
    Gender
    Socioeconomic Status
    Other Dimensions of Health Disparities
    Chapter Summary
    References

    Common Public Health Data in a State Health Department
    Introduction
    Hospital Discharge Data
    Nebraska Cancer Registry Data
    Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System
    NTR Data
    Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Registry
    Nebraska Parkinson’s Disease Registry
    Nebraska State Immunization Information System
    Emergency Medical Services
    Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System
    Nebraska Emergency Room Syndromic Surveillance
    Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
    Vital Records
    Birth Defect Registry
    National Electronic Disease Surveillance System
    Nebraska Newborn Screening
    Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
    Nebraska Adult Tobacco Survey and Social Climate Survey
    Nebraska WIC Program
    Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System
    Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System
    Youth Risk Behavior Survey
    Nebraska Youth Tobacco Survey
    Nebraska Risk and Protective Factor Student Survey
    References

    Data Linkage to Gain Additional Information
    Introduction
    Data Linkage Essentials
    Case Study: A Complete Linkage Process
    Other Issues in Record Linkage
    Chapter Summary
    References

    Indexing Multiple Datasets: A Bottom-Up Approach to Data Warehousing
    Introduction
    Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Data Integration
    Piloting Bottom-Up Process to Gain Experience
    Developing an Agency-Wide Strategy for MPI for Data Integration
    Chapter Summary
    References

    Using GIS for Data Integration and Surveillance
    Introduction
    Geocoding-Related Measures in Spatial Analysis
    Geocoding Strategies: Toward a Master Address Index
    Attaching Census Tract Data to Each Patient
    Spatial Visualization and Disease Surveillance
    Chapter Summary
    References

    Methodological Preparation for Health Disparity Assessment
    Introduction
    Setting the Surveillance Scope
    Study Design
    Cross-Sectional Measurements
    Intertemporal Measurements
    Chapter Summary
    Appendix
    References

    SES Disparities in Hospitalization
    Introduction
    Analytical Approach to Neighborhood SES Disparity Assessments
    Surveillance Results
    Concluding Remarks
    Appendix
    References

    Sex Disparities in Hospitalization
    Introduction
    Using Hospital Incidence and Prevalence Data to Revisit the Morbidity–Mortality Paradox
    Using Prevalence Data to Assess Diseases More Common among Females
    Assessing Hospital Procedure Disparities
    Assessing Measurement Consistency
    Chapter Summary
    References

    Rural–Urban Disparities in Hospitalization
    Introduction
    Our Approach to Model Rural–Urban Difference
    Rural–Urban Hospitalization Disparity Surveillance Results
    Case Study: Rural–Urban Injury Surveillance
    Chapter Summary
    Appendix
    References

    Racial Disparities in Hospitalization
    Introduction
    Using Multiple Data Sources to Generate the Race Variable for HDD
    Patient-Based Assessment for Major Comorbidities
    Prevalence, Readmission, and Mortality for Major Hospitalizations
    Case Study: Racial Disparity in Rehabilitation among Elderly AMI Patients
    Chapter Summary and Concluding Remarks
    Appendix A: Race Adjustment Strategies Using the 2010 Census Data
    Appendix B: Companion Tables for Tables 11.2 through 11.4
    References

    Using Emergency Department Data to Conduct Surveillance
    Introduction
    Influenza and Population Vulnerability
    Linking Weather Data to Hospital Data
    Chapter Summary and Concluding Remarks
    Appendix
    References

    Linking Cancer Registry Data to Hospital Discharge Data
    Introduction
    Method
    Results
    Chapter Summary
    References

    Mother Index and Its Applications
    Birth Certificate Data Linkage: A Brief Review
    NMI and Its Applications
    Using NMI and Geocoded Data to Construct Residential Mobility Information
    Chapter Summary
    References

    Assessing and Managing Geocoding of Cancer Registry Data
    Introduction
    Geocoding Assessments
    Geocoding Workflow Development
    Other Secured Internet Data Sources for Geocoding
    Concluding Remarks
    References

    Sex Difference in Stroke Mortality
    Introduction
    Methods
    Results
    Chapter Summary and Discussion
    Summary
    References

    Model Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) by Residence and Hospital Locations
    Introduction
    Method
    Results
    Concluding Remarks
    References

    Disparities in Motor Vehicle Crash Injuries: From Race to Neighborhood
    Introduction
    Phase I Project: MVC Disparity Based on Police-Reported Injury Severity
    Phase II Project: Using MAIS for Hospital-Based Surveillance
    Phase III Project: Georeferencing MAIS-Based Injury Event to Census Tract for SES Analysis
    Chapter Summary and Concluding Remarks
    Appendix
    References

    Linking Cancer Screening and Cancer Registry Data for Outcome Assessments
    Introduction
    Method
    Results
    Discussions and Conclusions
    References

    Linking Environmental Variables to Parkinson’s Disease
    Introduction
    Environmental and Disease Data Processing
    Cluster Detection and Exposure Comparison
    Using Case-Control for Exposure Surveillance
    Conclusion and Discussion
    Appendix: Results from Satscan Test and Associated Pesticides and Herbicides within and outside of the Cluster
    References


    Biography

    Ge Lin is a professor of epidemiology in the School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He is trained in spatial demography and geographic information systems. He is known for his work in spatial modeling, spatial statistics for count data, and spatial disparities in health. His most recent research focuses on the science of public health data. He uses the infrastructure approach to develop integrated data marts, data analysis utilities, and training modules for public health data specialists. He has been supported by several national and state organizations, including the National Institutes of Health.

    Ming Qu is administrator of the Epidemiology and Informatics Unit, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (NEDHHS), which provides statistical, epidemiological, and geographic information services that support public health actions and policies. He previously was an injury epidemiologist and Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System administrator for the NDHHS, where he was instrumental in the development of the Nebraska Injury Surveillance System. Dr. Qu supervises functions of professionals and disease and injury surveillance, data collection and quality assurance, data analysis and reporting, data system development and evaluation. He is the author of numerous papers and book chapters.