1st Edition

Electric Safety Practice and Standards

By Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi Copyright 2014
    464 Pages 339 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    464 Pages 339 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Electric power engineering education traditionally covers safety of the power equipment and systems. Little attention, if any, is given to the safety of people. When they reach professional status, most power engineers are not familiar with electric safety issues such as practices governing site works or grounding techniques of dwellings, hospitals, and factories. Designed for both electrical engineering student and practicing power engineers, Electric Safety: Practice and Standards provides the knowledge and analysis they need to be well versed in electric safety.

    Features:

    • Includes techniques to assess safety practices at worksites and provides remedies to correct safety problems
    • Addresses the elusive stray voltage problem and provides techniques to mitigate its impact in dwellings as well as in sensitive installations such as hospitals and dairy farms
    • Provides approximate, yet accurate, analyses and techniques that can be used to assess electric safety without the need for extensive computation or elaborate programs
    • Includes several case studies from real events and examples demonstrating how variations in electric safety procedure implementation influence safety levels

    Based on the authors’ years of experience as an expert witness and electric safety training instructor, the book covers the analysis of electric safety practices as well as the interpretations of various safety codes. Including homework problems and a solutions manual, this book is a comprehensive guide to recognize and eliminate hazards of electric shocks for professionals working on electric power equipment, as well as people such as the general public in commonly used places, farms workers and animals, and hospital patients.

    Fundamentals of Electricity
    Electric Fields
    Magnetic Fields
    Alternating Current
    Three-Phase Systems

    Basic Components of an Electric Grid
    Power Lines
    Substations

    Physiological Effects of Electricity
    Classifications of Electric Shocks
    Factors Determining the Severity of Electric Shocks
    Symptoms and Treatments of Electric Shock
    Microshocks

    Ground Resistance
    Ground Resistance of Objects
    Soil Resistivity
    Soil Treatment
    Factors Affecting Ground Resistance

    General Hazards of Electricity
    Touch Potential
    Step Potential

    Induced Voltage due to Electric Field
    Equipotential Surface
    Induced Voltage on a Conductor without Field Distortion
    Electric Field Distortion due to Earth
    Induced Voltage due to Multiple Energized Phases
    Effect of Line Configuration on Induced Voltage
    Induced Voltage due to Energized Cables

    Induced Voltage due to Magnetic Field
    Flux and Flux Linkage
    Induced Voltage due to Single Energized Conductor
    Induced Voltage due to Multiple Energized Conductors
    Induced Voltage due to Electric and Magnetic Fields

    De-energized Line Work
    Definition of a De-energized Conductor
    Methods of Detecting Induced Voltage
    Main Protection Techniques
    Grounding System
    Grounding Methods
    Case Studies

    Live-Line Work
    Hot Stick Method
    Insulate and Isolate Method
    Bare-Hand Method
    Case Study
    Exercises

    Arc Flash
    Arc Flash Phases
    Assessment of Arc Flash
    Calculation of Arc Flash Protection Boundary
    Personal Protection Equipment
    Approach Boundaries

    Atmospheric Discharge
    Characteristics of Lightning Discharge
    Protection from Lightning Strikes
    Safe Distance from Lightning Protection Devices
    Exercises

    Stray and Contact Voltages
    Neutral versus Ground
    Service Transformer
    Voltage on Neutral Conductor
    Stray Voltage
    Detection of Stray Voltage
    Mitigation of Stray Voltage
    Mitigation of Stray Voltage in Hospitals
    Contact and Structure Voltages
    Neutral Deterioration
    World’s Residential Grounding Practices

    Electric Safety under Power Lines
    Electric Field Calculation
    Electric Field near Objects
    Electric Field Profile under Power Lines
    Allowable Limits for Electric Fields
    Minimum Vertical Clearance Methods
    Measurement of Electric Field Strength
    Mitigation of Electric Field

    Coupling between Power Lines and Pipelines, Railroads, and Telecommunication Cables
    Electric Field Coupling
    Magnetic Field Coupling
    Mitigation of Electromagnetic Coupling
    Ground Current

    Biography

    Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi

    "... an excellent resource and supplement to any accident prevention training program and for a variety of electrical workers including safety specialists, engineers, linemen, substation technicians, electricians, and wind and solar technicians. I will purchase additional copies so that student libraries at each of our campuses will have it on the shelf for both staff and student reference. My compliments to Prof. El-Sharkawi for his efforts in bringing to the power industry a valuable reference book."
    —Alan Drew, from IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, September/October 2015

    "This book can be very helpful for not only the power engineer looking to improve communication and understanding to field workers but could be useful to plant engineers who may have many of the issues described in the book. Solutions for solving many common problems found in the field can be gained from the knowledge in this book. In addition to presenting an excellent text on electrical safety, the several real-life case studies presented and the numerous examples that show the implementation of the electric safety procedures make this a gem of a book."
    IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, November/December 2014

    "… very well written … well illustrated and covers a wealth of valuable subjects … of value to final year third level students undertaking many courses in electrical and electronic engineering. It will also be of value for students undertaking a taught post-graduate course that includes those areas which feature electrical safety. … a good introductory resource for those undertaking research in the area, including practitioners of electrical engineering, in general."
    —Prof. J M Blackledge, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland

    "… will be of good use to an engineering student or new engineer learning about electric system safety as well as the practicing engineer. … provides the basics for understanding electrical system safety in commercial, industrial and utility applications. The book moves quickly through the concepts with sufficient examples to understand and apply the math, formulas and principles used."
    —Max Emrick, Senior Member IEEE, Engineering Manager, Protection Automation and Controls