Over the past ten years, a number of new large-scale oceanographic programs have been initiated. These include the Climate Variability Program (CLIVAR) and the recent initiation of the Geochemical Trace Metal Program (GEOTRACES). These studies and future projects will produce a wealth of information on the biogeochemistry of the world’s oceans. Authored by Frank J. Millero, an acknowledged international authority in the field, the fourth edition of Chemical Oceanography maintains the stellar insight that has made it a favorite of students, instructors, researchers, and other professionals in marine science, geochemistry, and environmental chemistry. Reflecting the latest updates on issues affecting the health of our environment, this text:
- Supplies an in-depth treatment of ocean acidification, a key emerging environmental problem
- Provides updated coverage on the carbonate system in the ocean
- Presents expanded information on oceanic organic compounds
- Contains updates on dissolved organic carbon, phosphate, nitrogen, and metals in the ocean
- Offers a new definition of salinity and a new equation of the state of seawater based on recent, original research
- Describes the new thermodynamic equation of the state of seawater
- Includes full-color graphs and photographs to assist readers in visualizing the concepts presented
For more than two decades, this book has served as the "classic" textbook for students and a valuable reference for researchers in the fields of oceanography, environmental chemistry, and geochemistry. Designed for both classroom use and self-study, this comprehensive survey of essential concepts incorporates a wealth of state-of-the-art reference data discovered on large-scale oceanographic studies sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
Descriptive Oceanography
Physical Characteristics of the Oceans
Distribution of Temperature and Salinity for Ocean Waters
Circulation and Water Masses of the Oceans
Use of Chemical Tracers in Oceanography
Composition of the Major Components of Seawater
The Concept of Salinity
Methods of Determination
Composition and Stoichiometry of Average Seawater
Methods of Determining Salinity
Causes of the Major Components Not Being Conservative
Isotopic Variations
Minor Elements in Seawater
Classification of Elements
Residence Times
Distribution of Trace Elements in the Oceans
Biological Interactions
Geochemical Balance of Elements
Ionic Interactions
Water, the Unique Solvent
Review of the Structure of Water
Ion–Water Interactions
Ion–Ion Interactions
Physical Properties of Seawater
Atmospheric Chemistry
Nitrogen Gases
Greenhouse Gases
Effects of Global Change
Loss of Ozone
The Global Sulfur Cycle
Atmospheric Aerosols
Dissolved Gases Other than CO2
Composition of the Atmosphere
Dissolution of Gases in Seawater
Air–Sea Exchange
Nonreactive Gases
Dissolved Oxygen in Seawater
Other Nonconservative Gases
Structural Aspects of the Solubility of Gases
The Carbonate System
Acid–Base Equilibria in Seawater
Equilibria of Carbonate Species
Parameters of the CO2 System in Seawater
Distribution of Carbonate Species
CaCO3 Dissolution in Seawater
Fossil Fuel CO2 Input to the Oceans
Micronutrients in the Oceans
Phosphorus in Seawater
Nitrogen Compounds in Seawater
Silicon in Seawater
Use of Nutrients as Water Mass Tracers
Primary Production in the Oceans
Primary Production
The Iron Hypothesis
Microbial Transformations
Dissolved and Particulate Organic Compounds in Seawater
Processes in the Oceans
Photochemical Processes in Seawater
Hydrothermal Vent Chemistry
Anoxic Waters
Glossary of Chemical Oceanography Terms
Descriptive Oceanography
Major Components of Seawater
Minor Elements in Seawater
Ionic Interactions in Seawater
Atmospheric Chemistry
Dissolved Gases Other than CO2
The Carbonate System
Micronutrients in the Oceans
Primary Production in the Oceans
Organic Compounds
Processes in the Oceans
Photochemical Processes
Hydrothermal Vent Chemistry
Anoxic Waters
Appendices
Index
Biography
Frank J. Millero is a world-renowned marine researcher and professor of undergraduate and graduate courses at the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science for the past 46 years. His research focuses on the application of physical chemical principles to natural waters. He uses chemical models to understand how ionic interactions affect the thermodynamics and kinetics of processes occurring in the oceans. These studies have resulted in numerous research cruises in the Indian, Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern oceans and the Arabian Sea. Over the years, he has received a number of awards for his teaching and research accomplishments. He serves as an associate editor for a number of journals and is presently editor-in-chief of Marine Chemistry.