3rd Edition
Fundamentals of Machine Elements
Fundamentals of Machine Elements, Third Edition offers an in-depth understanding of both the theory and application of machine elements. Design synthesis is carefully balanced with design analysis, an approach developed through the use of case studies, worked examples, and chapter problems that address all levels of learning taxonomies. Machine design is also linked to manufacturing processes, an element missing in many textbooks.
The third edition signifies a major revision from the second edition. The contents have been greatly expanded and organized to benefit students of all levels in design synthesis and analysis approaches.
What’s New in This Edition:
- Balances synthesis and analysis with strong coverage of modern design theory
- Links coverage of mechanics and materials directly to earlier courses, with expansion to advanced topics in a straightforward manner
- Aids students of all levels, and includes tie-in to engineering practice through the use of case studies that highlight practical uses of machine elements
- Contains questions, qualitative problems, quantitative problems, and synthesis, design, and projects to address all levels of learning taxonomies
- Includes a solutions manual, book website, and classroom presentations in full color, as well as an innovative "tear sheet" manual that allows instructors to present example problems in lectures in a time-saving manner
- Expands contents considerably, Topics: the importance of the heat affected zone in welding; design synthesis of spur, bevel, and worm gears; selection of multiple types of rolling element bearings (including deep groove, angular contact, toroidal, needle, and cylindrical and tapered roller) using a standard unified approach; consideration of advanced welding approaches such as brazing, friction welding and spot welding; expansion of fatigue coverage including the use of the staircase method to obtain endurance limit; and design of couplings, snap rings, wave and gas springs, and hydrostatic bearings
- Provides case studies that demonstrate the real-world application of machine elements. For example, the use of rolling element bearings in windmills, powder metal gears, welds in blisks, and roller coaster brake designs are all new case studies in this edition that represent modern applications of these machine elements.
Fundamentals of Machine Elements, Third Edition
can be used as a reference by practicing engineers or as a textbook for a third- or fourth-year engineering course/module. It is intended for students who have studied basic engineering sciences, including physics, engineering mechanics, and materials and manufacturing processes.Part I — Fundamentals
Introduction
What is Design?
Design of Mechanical Systems
Design as a Multidisciplinary Endeavor
Design of Machine Elements
Computers in Design
Catalogs and Vendors
Units
Unit Checks
Significant Figures
Summary
Load, Stress, and Strain
Introduction
Critical Section
Load Classification and Sign Convention
Support Reactions
Static Equilibrium
Free-Body Diagram
Supported Beams
Shear and Moment Diagrams
Stress
Stress Element
Stress Tensor
Plane Stress
Mohr’s Circle
Three-Dimensional Stresses
Octahedral Stresses
Strain
Strain Tensor
Plane Strain
Summary
Introduction to Materials and Manufacturing
Introduction
Ductile and Brittle Materials
Classification of Solid Materials
Stress-Strain Diagrams
Properties of Solid Materials
Stress-Strain Relationships
Two-Parameter Materials Charts
Effects of Manufacturing
Summary
Stresses and Strains
Introduction
Properties of Beam Cross Sections
Normal Stress and Strain
Torsion
Bending Stress and Strain
Transverse Shear Stress and Strain
Summary
Deformation
Introduction
Moment-Curvature Relation
Singularity Functions
Method of Superposition
Strain Energy
Castigliano’s Theorem
Summary
Failure Prediction for Static Loading
Introduction
Stress Concentration
Fracture Mechanics
Modes of Crack Growth
Fracture Toughness
Failure Prediction for Uniaxial Stress State
Failure Prediction for Multiaxial Stress State
Summary
Fatigue and Impact
Introduction
Fatigue
Cyclic Stresses
Strain Life Theory of Fatigue
Fatigue Strength
Fatigue Regimes
Stress Concentration Effects
The Modified Endurance Limit
Cumulative Damage
Influence of Nonzero Mean Stress
Influence of Multi-Axial Stress States
Fracture Mechanics Approach to Fatigue
Linear Impact Stresses and Deformations
Summary
Lubrication, Friction, and Wear
Introduction
Surface Parameters
Conformal and Nonconformal Surfaces
Hertzian Contact
Bearing Materials
Lubricant Rheology
Regimes of Lubrication
Friction
Wear
Summary
Part II — Machine Elements
Columns
Introduction
Equilibrium Regimes
Concentrically Loaded Columns
End Conditions
Euler’s Buckling Criterion
Johnson’s Buckling Criterion
AISC Criteria
Eccentrically Loaded Columns
Summary
Stresses and Deformations in Cylinders
Introduction
Tolerances and Fits
Pressurization Effects
Rotational Effects
Press Fits
Shrink Fits
Summary
Shafting and Associated Parts
Introduction
Design of Shafts for Static Loading
Fatigue Design of Shafts
Additional Shaft Design Considerations
Critical Speed of Rotating Shafts
Keys, Roll Pins, Splines and Set Screws
Retaining Rings and Pins
Flywheels
Couplings
Summary
Hydrodynamic and Hydrostatic Bearings
Introduction
The Reynolds Equation
Thrust Slider Bearings
Journal Slider Bearings
Squeeze Film Bearings
Hydrostatic Bearings
Summary
Rolling-Element Bearings
Introduction
Historical Overview
Bearing Types and Selection
Geometry
Kinematics
Separators
Static Load Distribution
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Fatigue Life
Variable Loading
Summary
General Gear Theory; Spur Gears
Introduction
Types of Gears
Gear Geometry
Gear Ratio
Contact Ratio and Gear Velocity
Tooth Thickness and Backlash
Gear Trains
Gear Manufacture and Quality
Gear Materials
Loads Acting on a Gear Tooth
Bending Stresses in Gear Teeth
Contact Stresses in Gear Teeth
Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness
Gear Design Synthesis
Summary
Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears
Introduction
Helical Gears
Bevel Gears
Worm Gears
Summary
Fasteners, Connections, and Power Screws
Introduction
Thread Terminology, Classification, and Designation
Power Screws
Threaded Fasteners
Riveted Fasteners
Welded, Brazed, and Soldered Joints
Adhesive Bonding
Integrated Snap Fasteners
Summary
Springs
Introduction
Spring Materials
Helical Compression Springs
Helical Extension Springs
Helical Torsion Springs
Leaf Springs
Gas Springs
Belleville Springs
Wave Springs
Summary
Brakes and Clutches
Introduction
Thermal Considerations
Thrust Pad Clutches and Brakes
Cone Clutches and Brakes
Block or Short-Shoe Brakes
Long-Shoe, Internal, Expanding Rim Brakes
Long-Shoe, External, Contracting Rim Brakes
Symmetrically Loaded Pivot-Shoe Brakes
Band Brakes
Slip Clutches
Summary
Flexible Machine Elements
Introduction
Flat Belts
Synchronous Belts
V-Belts
Wire Ropes
Rolling Chains
Summary
Appendices
Index
Biography
Steven R. Schmid
is a Professor at the University of Notre Dame, where he has taught manufacturing and design since 1993. Prior to teaching, Dr. Schmid was employed at Triodyne, Inc, performing machine design failure investigations. Among his awards are the ASME Foundation Swanson Fellowship in 2012, the ASME Newkirj Award, and the SME Parsons Awards, and he is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Bernard J. Hamrock
joined the staff of The Ohio State University as a professor of mechanical engineering in 1985 and is now professor emeritus. Prior to that he spent 18 years as a research consultant in the Tribology Branch of the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. He received his Ph.D. and Doctor of Engineering degrees from the University of Leeds, England. His awards include the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal in 1984, the 1998 Jacob Wallenberg Award given by The Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, and the 2000 Mayo D. Hersey Award from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Bo O. Jacobson received his Ph.D. and D.Sc. degrees from Lund University in Sweden. From 1973 until 1987, he was professor of machine elements at Luleå Technology University in Sweden. In 1987 he joined SKF Engineering & Research Centre in the Netherlands, while retaining a professorship at Chalmers University from 1987 to 1991, and Luleå Technical University from 1992 to 1997. In 1997 he was appointed professor of machine elements at Lund University. Professor Jacobson has written ten compendia used at Swedish universities, six covering different machine elements and four covering the basic course and the advanced course in tribology.
"Design is essential in the modern economy, and this book does a superb job in explaining both design analysis and design synthesis. Schmid, Hamrock and Jacobson are well-known experts in the field, and it shows from this concise and well-written book."
—Prof. Bharat Bhushan, Ohio Eminent Scholar and The Howard D. Winbigler Professor, Director, Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"I have been working as a bearing engineer for nearly two decades, and have come across many different machine design and application problems associated with the rolling element bearing. Most of the time, design problems can be handled quickly if the engineer has a good fundamental understanding of how a machine element works, but this information is unfortunately missing from most conventional treatments of the subject matter. This book gives the reader enough of a fundamental background to understand the machine elements and design the overall system, and it is highly recommended."
––Mike Kotzalas, The Timken Company, Boca Raton, Florida, USA"This book is a must for every mechanical engineering student for use as a textbook, and should be in every engineer’s library as a reference book. I wish it was available 30 years ago!
––Jim Adams, Director, Technical Services, Metal Powder Industries Federation,
Princeton, New Jersey, USA"For many years a leading automobile company sponsored Berkeley research on the "Composite Transmission Error Prediction for Automatic Transmissions." I only wish this excellent book was available at that time to bring our software engineers 'up to speed' on gear fundamentals, manufacturing, and gear design synthesis, as well as other machine elements."
––Paul Wright, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA