2nd Edition

Sewer Processes Microbial and Chemical Process Engineering of Sewer Networks, Second Edition

    400 Pages 108 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Since the first edition was published over a decade ago, advancements have been made in the design, operation, and maintenance of sewer systems, and new problems have emerged. For example, sewer processes are now integrated in computer models, and simultaneously, odor and corrosion problems caused by hydrogen sulfide and other volatile organic compounds, as well as other potential health issues, have caused environmental concerns to rise.

    Reflecting the most current developments, Sewer Processes: Microbial and Chemical Process Engineering of Sewer Networks, Second Edition, offers the reader updated and valuable information on the sewer as a chemical and biological reactor. It focuses on how to predict critical impacts and control adverse effects. It also provides an integrated description of sewer processes in modeling terms. This second edition is full of illustrative examples and figures, includes revisions of chapters from the previous edition, adds three new chapters, and presents extensive study questions.

    • Presents new modeling tools for the design and operation of sewer networks
    • Establishes sewer processes as a key element in preserving water quality
    • Includes greatly expanded coverage of odor formation and prediction
    • Details the WATS sewer process model
    • Highlights the importance of aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic processes

    Sewer Processes: Microbial and Chemical Process Engineering of Sewer Networks, Second Edition, provides a basis for up-to-date understanding and modeling of sewer microbial and chemical processes and demonstrates how this knowledge can be applied for the design, operation, and the maintenance of wastewater collection systems. The authors add chemical and microbial dimensions to the design and management of sewer networks with an overall aim of improved sustainability for the system itself and the surrounding environment.

    Sewer Systems and Processes

    Introduction and Purpose

    Sewer Developments in a Historical Perspective

    Types and Performance of Sewer Networks

    Sewer as a Reactor for Chemical and Microbial Processes

    Water and Mass Transport in Sewers

    Sewer Process Approach

    References

    In-Sewer Chemical and Physicochemical Processes

    Redox Reactions

    Kinetics of Microbiological Systems

    Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reactions

    Temperature Dependency of Microbial, Chemical, and Physicochemical Processes

    Acid–Base Chemistry in Sewers

    Iron and Other Heavy Metals in Sewers

    References

    Microbiology in Sewer Networks

    Wastewater: Sources, Flows, and Constituents

    Microbial Reactions and Quality of Substrate

    References

    Sewer Atmosphere: Odor and Air–Water Equilibrium and Dynamics

    Air–Water Equilibrium

    Air–Water Transport Processes

    Sewer Atmosphere and Its Surroundings

    Reaeration in Sewer Networks and Its Role in Predicting Air–Water Mass Transfer

    Acid–Base Characteristics of Wastewater in Sewers: Buffers and Phase Exchanges

    Aerobic and Anoxic Sewer Processes: Transformations of Organic Carbon, Sulfur, and Nitrogen

    Aerobic, Heterotrophic Microbial Transformations in Sewers

    Illustration of Aerobic Transformations in Sewers

    A Concept for Aerobic Transformations of Wastewater in Sewers

    Formulation in Mathematical Terms of Aerobic, Heterotrophic Processes in Sewers

    DO Mass Balances and Variations in Gravity Sewers

    Aerobic Sulfide Oxidation

    Anoxic Transformations in Sewers

    References

    Anaerobic Sewer Processes: Hydrogen Sulfide and Organic Matter Transformations

    Hydrogen Sulfide in Sewers: A Worldwide Occurring Problem

    Overview of Basic Knowledge on Sulfur-Related Processes

    Introduction to Hydrogen Sulfide in Sewer Networks

    Predicting Models for Sulfide Formation

    Sulfide-Induced Corrosion of Concrete Sewers

    Metal Corrosion and Treatment Plant Impacts

    Anaerobic Microbial Transformations in Sewers

    Integrated Aerobic–Anaerobic Concept for Microbial Transformations

    References

    Sewer Processes and Mitigation: Water and Gas Phase Control Methods

    Overview of Mitigation

    Sewer Process Control Procedures

    Selected Measures for Control of Sewer Gases

    Final Comments

    References

    Sewer Process Modeling: Concepts and Quality Assessment

    Types of Process Models

    Deterministic Sewer Process Model Approach

    Additional Modeling Approaches

    References

    WATS: A Sewer Process Model for Water, Biofilm, and Gas Phase Transformations

    WATS Model: An Overview

    Process Elements of WATS Model

    Water and Gas Phase Transport in Sewers

    Sewer Network Data and Model Parameters

    Specific Modeling Characteristics

    Examples of WATS Modeling Results

    References

    Methods for Sewer Process Studies and Model Calibration

    Methods for Bench Scale, Pilot Scale, and Full Scale Studies

    Methods for Determination of Substances and Parameters for Sewer Process Modeling

    Final Remarks

    References

    Applications: Sewer Process Design and Perspectives

    Wastewater Design: An Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment

    Sewer Structural and Operational Impacts on Wastewater Quality

    Sewer Processes: Final Comments and Perspectives

    References

    Appendix A: Units and Nomenclature

    Appendix B: Definitions and Glossary

    Appendix C: Acronyms

    Index

    Biography

    Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen, MSc, is professor emeritus at Aalborg University, Denmark. In 2008, he retired from his position as professor of environmental engineering at the Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark. His primary research and professional activities concern environmental process engineering of the wastewater collection and treatment systems, including process engineering and pollution related to urban drainage and road runoff. His research has resulted in more than 320 scientific publications in primarily international journals and proceedings. He has authored and coauthored a number of books published in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan.

    Jes Vollertsen, PhD, is a professor of environmental engineering at the Section of Water and Soil, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark. His research interests are urban storm water and wastewater technology, where he combines experimental work on bench scale with pilot-scale studies and field studies. He integrates the gained knowledge on conveyance systems and systems for wastewater and storm water management by numerical modeling of the processes. He is an experienced consultant for private firms and municipalities as well as on litigation support. He is a reviewer for a national research committee in relation to environmental engineering.

    Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen, PhD, is an associate professor of environmental engineering at the Section of Water and Soil, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark. His research and teaching has primarily been devoted to wastewater process engineering of sewer systems and process engineering of combined sewer overflows and storm water runoff from urban areas and highways. He has extensive experience with chemical analyses of complex environmental samples, particularly relating to the composition of wastewater and sewer gas. He is a committee member of the Danish National Committee for the IWA.

    "… a fine technical guide suitable for any environmental engineering collection and provides a comprehensive, updated approach to wastewater engineering that incorporates the latest developments. … a top pick for any student of environmental engineering and many working in the field."
    Midwest Book Review, September 2013

    "… an up-to-date description of the biophysicochemical factors and processes driving the sulfur cycle in sewer networks. … allows the reader to better understand which parameters matter in these particular conditions. … the authors particularly underline the difficulty of predicting concrete corrosion due to complexity of corrosion mechanisms."
    Eric D. van Hullebusch, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, France

    "The second edition of this book is very welcomed. The Process Engineering approach taken in this book means that it bridges several engineering disciplines and is accessible to students, academics and practioners alike."
    Professor Catherine Biggs, The University of Sheffield

    "… a very comprehensive and updated approach, allowing post graduate students of environmental engineering and related fields to have a solid and orientated formation on relevant aspects of wastewater engineering … . The book includes solved illustrative examples and case studies, which reinforce this publication as an excellent engineering guide for helping planners, consultants, and utilities to avoid and/or control risks of significant problems caused by sulfides in sewer systems.

    This guide book expands the general understanding of sewer performance with a bioreactor approach to explain and demonstrate, in a rigorous but relatively simple way, how environmentally relevant process engineering can be applied when dealing with design, operation, and maintenance of sewer systems… ."
    —José Saldanha Matos, Technical Superior Institute of the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal

    Praise for the Previous Edition

    "This book can be used as a resource for environmental engineering courses; it will also be very useful to those who design, manage, and service sewer systems. The book differs from other books on sewer systems in that it includes a process dimension by considering the sewer as a chemical and biological reactor."
    —L.E. Erickson, Kansas State University, in CHOICE, June 2002