1st Edition

Batch Processing Modeling and Design

By Urmila Diwekar Copyright 2014
    268 Pages 99 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    268 Pages 99 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Although batch processing has existed for a long time, designing these processes and unit operations has been considered an onerous task that required computational efforts. Design of these processes is made more complex because of the time dependent nature of the process and the allowable flexibility. More often than not, every unit encounters optimal control problems. Therefore, traditional design books have not covered batch processing in detail. Filling this void, Batch Processing: Modeling and Design describes various unit operations in batch and bio-processing as well as design methods for these units.

    Topics include:

    • Batch distillation operating modes and configurations
    • Batch absorption operations based on the solubility difference
    • Batch adsorption based on differential affinity of various soluble molecules to solid absorbents
    • Batch chromatography for measuring a wide variety of thermodynamic, kinetic, and physico-chemical properties
    • Batch crystallization where a phase is used to find the supersaturation at which point material crystallizes
    • Batch drying that stresses the phase diagram of water to describe this operation
    • Batch filtration using a porous medium or screen to separate solids from liquids
    • Batch centrifugation where centrifugal force is used for separation

    Batch processes are widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and specialty chemicals where high value, low volume products are manufactured. Recent developments in bio-based manufacturing also favor batch processes because feed variations can be easily handled in batch processes. Further, the emerging area of nanomaterials manufacturing currently uses batch processes as they are low volume, high energy intensive processes. With examples, case studies, and more than 100 homework problems, this book describes the unit operations in batch and bioprocessing and gives students a thorough grounding in the numerical methods necessary to solve these design problems.

    Introduction
    Batch Separation
    Optimization and Optimal Control
    Summary
    Numerical Methods for Integration
    Error and Stability
    Numerical Integration Techniques
    Orthogonal Collocation Method
    Summary
    Batch Reactors
    Classification of Reactions and Reaction Kinetics
    Irreversible Reactions
    Reversible Reactions
    Reactions in Parallel
    Reactions in Series
    Autocatalytic Reactions
    Biodiesel Production: A Case Study
    Summary
    Batch Distillation
    Early Theoretical Analysis
    Hierarchy of Models
    Shortcut Model
    Optimization and Optimal Control
    Complex Systems
    Computer Aided Design Software
    Summary
    Optimization and Optimal Control
    Optimization Problems and Software
    Convex and Concave Functions
    Linear Programming
    Nonlinear Programming
    Discrete Optimization
    Optimal Control
    Summary
    Batch Absorption
    Absorption Dynamics
    Summary
    Batch Extraction
    Solid Extraction or Leaching
    Rate of Extraction
    Liquid-Liquid Extraction
    Summary
    Batch Adsorption
    Adsorption Equilibrium
    Fixed Bed or Packed Bed Adsorption
    Summary
    Batch Chromatography
    Retention Theory
    Plate Model
    Resolution
    Summary
    Batch Crystallization
    Phase Diagram
    Supersaturation
    Crystallization Kinetics
    Modeling Cooling Batch Crystallization
    Modeling Evaporative Batch Crystallization
    Optimal Control Problems
    Summary
    Batch Drying
    Thermodynamics of Drying
    Rate of Drying
    Types of Dryers
    Summary
    Batch Filtration
    Conventional or Dead-End Filtration
    Crossflow Filtration
    Types of Filtration Equipment
    Summary
    Batch Centrifugation
    Sedimentation in a Centrifugal Field
    Filtration in Centrifugal Field
    Summary
    Batch Scheduling and Planning
    Types of Scheduling Problems
    Role of Optimization in Batch Scheduling
    Industrial Scheduling Problem
    Summary
    Batch Process Simulation
    Introduction
    Detailed Modeling of Single Batch Processes
    Modeling of Multiproduct Batch Plants
    Summary

    Biography

    Urmila Diwekar

    "…is very timely as there are only very few texts dealing with the subject in a unified manner. The book provides a good overview of batch reaction and separation processes. In particular there is a comprehensive treatment of batch separation processes that extents over nine chapters."
    ––Dominique Bonvin, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland

    "The selection of topics is quite comprehensive… a comprehensive coverage of batch processing. A book dedicated to this topic could become a 'standard text'."
    ––Richard Turton, West Virginia University, Morgantown

    "My impression is that many students and practitioners will find this book to be very helpful – especially those that have little experience in modeling and optimizing batch processes. To these people, the coverage in specific separation areas is likely to be attractive – depending on its comprehensiveness."
    —Warren D. Seider, University of Pennsylvania