2nd Edition
Quagga and Zebra Mussels Biology, Impacts, and Control, Second Edition
The introduction and rapid spread of two Eurasian mussel species, Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel), in waters of North America has caused great concern among industrial and recreational water users. These invasive species can create substantial problems for raw water users such as water treatment facilities and power plants, and they can have other negative impacts by altering aquatic environments. In the 20 years since the first edition of this book was published, zebra mussels have continued to spread, and quagga mussels have become the greater threat in the Great Lakes, in deep regions of large lakes, and in the southwestern Unites States. Quagga mussels have also expanded greatly in eastern and western Europe since the first book edition was published.
Quagga and Zebra Mussels: Biology, Impacts, and Control, Second Edition provides a broad view of the zebra/quagga mussel issue, offering a historic perspective and up-to-date information on mussel research. Comprising 48 chapters, this second edition includes reviews of mussel morphology, physiology, and behavior. It details mussel distribution and spread in Europe and across North America, and examines policy and regulatory responses, management strategies, and mitigation efforts.
In addition, this book provides extensive coverage of the impact of invasive mussel species on freshwater ecosystems, including effects on water clarity, phytoplankton, water quality, food web changes, and consequences to other aquatic fauna. It also reviews and offers new insights on how zebra and quagga mussels respond and adapt to varying environmental conditions. This new edition includes seven video clips that complement chapter text and, through visual documentation, provide a greater understanding of mussel behavior and distribution.
Preface
Thomas F. Nalepa and Don W. Schloesser
Forward
Alfred M. Beeton
Part I: Prelude
My Story on Finding the First Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in North America
Sonya Gutschi Santavy
In Recognition: John Glenn Sparks a Giant Leap for Environmental Protection
Allegra Cangelosi
Part II: Distribution and Spread
Chronological History of Zebra and Quagga Mussels (Dreissenidae) in North America, 1988–2010
Amy J. Benson
Influence of Environmental Factors on Zebra Mussel Population Expansion in Lake Champlain, 1994–2010
J. Ellen Marsden, Pete Stangel, and Angela D. Shambaugh
Replacement of Zebra Mussels by Quagga Mussels in the Erie Canal, New York, USA
Kenton M. Stewart
Invasion of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) to the Mid-Lake Reef Complex in Lake Michigan: A Photographic Montage
Jeffrey S. Houghton, Robert Paddock, and John Janssen
Long-Term Change in the Hudson River’s Bivalve Populations: A History of Multiple Invasions (and Recovery?)
David L. Strayer and Heather M. Malcom
Spread of the Quagga Mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in Western Europe
Abraham bij de Vaate, Gerard van der Velde, Rob S.E.W. Leuven, and Katharina C.M. Heiler
Origin and Spread of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in Eastern Europe with Notes on Size Structure of Populations
Marina I. Orlova
Summary of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Polish Lakes over the Past 50 Years with Emphasis on Masurian Lakes (Northeastern Poland)
Krzysztof Lewandowski and Anna Stañczykowska
Part III: Response, Management, and Mitigation
One Reporter’s Perspective on the Invasion of Dreissenid Mussels in North America: Reflections on the News Media
Steve Pollick
Early Responses to Zebra Mussels in the Great Lakes: A Journey from Information Vacuum to Policy and Regulation
Ronald W. Griffiths, Don W. Schloesser, and William P. Kovalak
Catalyst for Change: "The Little Dreissenid That Did" (Change National Policy on Aquatic Invasive Species)
David F. Reid and Dean Wilkinson
Invading Dreissenid Mussels Transform the 100-Year-Old International Joint Commission
Mark J. Burrows
Eradication of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from Millbrook Quarry, Virginia: Rapid Response in the Real World
Raymond T. Fernald and Brian T. Watson
Management and Control of Dreissenid Mussels in Water Infrastructure Facilities of the Southwestern United States
Rajat K. Chakraborti, Sharook Madon, Jagjit Kaur, and Dale Gabel
Impact of Dreissenid Mussels on the Infrastructure of Dams and Hydroelectric Power Plants
Thomas H. Prescott, Renata Claudi, and Katherine L. Prescott
Managing Expansion of Dreissenids within Traditional Parameters: The Story of Quagga Mussels in Lake Mead National Recreation Area
Valerie Hickey
Dreissenid Mussels as Sentinel Biomonitors for Human and Zoonotic Pathogens
David Bruce Conn, Frances E. Lucy, and Thaddeus K. Graczyk
Contaminant Concentrations in Dreissenid Mussels from the Laurentian Great Lakes: A Summary of Trends from the Mussel Watch Program
Kimani L. Kimbrough, W. Edward Johnson, Annie P. Jacob, and Gunnar G. Lauenstein
Part IV: Morphology, Physiology, and Behavior
Morphological Variability of Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Vera Pavlova and Yuri Izyumov
Variation of the Quagga Mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) with Emphasis on the Deepwater Morphotype in Lake Michigan
Thomas F. Nalepa, Vera Pavlova, Wai H. Wong, John Janssen, Jeffrey S. Houghton, and Kerrin Mabrey
Behavior of Juvenile and Adult Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)
Jaroslaw Kobak
Antipredator Strategy of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): From Behavior to Life History
Marcin Czarnoleski and Tomasz Müller
Variation in Predator–Prey Interactions between Round Gobies and Dreissenid Mussels
Christopher J. Houghton and John Janssen
Density, Growth, and Reproduction of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Two Oklahoma Reservoirs
Chad J. Boeckman and Joseph R. Bidwell
Limiting Environmental Factors and Competitive Interactions between Zebra and Quagga Mussels in North America
David W. Garton, Robert McMahon, and Ann M. Stoeckmann
Evolutionary, Biogeographic, and Population Genetic Relationships of Dreissenid Mussels, with Revision of Component Taxa
Carol A. Stepien, Igor A. Grigorovich, Meredith A. Gray, Timothy J. Sullivan, Shane Yerga-Woolwine, and Gokhan Kalayci
Effects of Algal Composition, Seston Stoichiometry, and Feeding Rate on Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Nutrient Excretion in Two Laurentian Great Lakes
Thomas H. Johengen, Henry A. Vanderploeg, and James R. Liebig
Chemical Regulation of Dreissenid Reproduction
Donna R. Kashian and Jeffrey L. Ram
Role of Fluid Dynamics in Dreissenid Mussel Biology
Josef Daniel Ackerman
Part V: Impacts
Meta-Analysis of Dreissenid Effects on Freshwater Ecosystems
Scott N. Higgins
Effects of Invasive Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) on Chlorophyll and Water Clarity in Lakes Mead and Havasu of the Lower Colorado River Basin, 2007–2009
Wai H. Wong, G. Chris Holdren, Todd Tietjen, Shawn Gerstenberger, Bryan Moore, Kent Turner, and Doyle C. Wilson
Role of Selective Grazing by Dreissenid Mussels in Promoting Toxic Microcystis Blooms and Other Changes in Phytoplankton Composition in the Great Lakes
Henry A. Vanderploeg, Alan E. Wilson, Thomas H. Johengen, Julianne Dyble Bressie, Orlando Sarnelle, James R. Liebig, Sander D. Robinson, and Geoffrey P. Horst
Trends in Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Macroinvertebrates in Saginaw Bay Relative to Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Colonization: A Generalized Linear Model Approach
Sara Adlerstein, Thomas F. Nalepa, Henry A. Vanderploeg, and Gary L. Fahnenstiel
Lake Michigan after Dreissenid Mussel Invasion: Water Quality and Food Web Changes during the Late Winter/Spring Isothermal Period
Steven A. Pothoven and Gary L. Fahnenstiel
Nutrient Cycling by Dreissenid Mussels: Controlling Factors and Ecosystem Response
Harvey A. Bootsma and Qian Liao
Benthification of Freshwater Lakes: Exotic Mussels Turning Ecosystems Upside Down
Christine M. Mayer, Lyubov E. Burlakova, Peter Eklöv, Dean Fitzgerald, Alexander Y. Karatayev, Stuart A. Ludsin, Scott Millard, Edward L. Mills, A. P. Ostapenya, Lars G. Rudstam, Bin Zhu, and Tataina V. Zhukova
Variability of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Impacts in the Shannon River System, Ireland
Dan Minchin and Anastasija Zaiko
Impacts of Dreissena on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities: Predictable Patterns Revealed by Invasion History
Jessica M. Ward and Anthony Ricciardi
Interactions between an Exotic Ecosystem Engineers (Dreissena spp.) and Native Burrowing Mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in Soft Sediments of Western Lake Erie
Kristen M. DeVanna, Don W. Schloesser, Jonathan M. Bossenbroek, and Christine M. Mayer
Zebra Mussel Impacts on Unionids: A Synthesis of Trends in North America and Europe
Frances E. Lucy, Lyubov E. Burlakova, Alexander Y. Karatayev, Sergey E. Mastitsky, and David T. Zanatta
Impacts of Dreissenid Mussels on the Distribution and Abundance of Diving Ducks on Lake St. Clair
David R. Luukkonen, Ernest N. Kafcas, Brendan T. Shirkey, and Scott R. Winterstein
Context-Dependent Changes in Lake Whitefish Populations Associated with Dreissenid Invasion
Michael D. Rennie
Effects of Dreissenids on Monitoring and Management of Fisheries in Western Lake Erie
Martin A. Stapanian and Patrick M. Kocovsky
Part VI: General
General Overview of Zebra and Quagga Mussels: What We Do and Do Not Know
Alexander Y. Karatayev, Lyubov E. Burlakova, and Dianna K. Padilla
Comparative Role of Dreissenids and Other Benthic Invertebrates as Links for Type-E Botulism Transmission in the Great Lakes
Alicia Pérez-Fuentetaja, Mark D. Clapsadl, and W. Theodore Lee
A Comparison of Consumptive Demand of Diporeia spp. and Dreissena in Lake Michigan Based on Bioenergetics Models
Daniel J. Ryan, Thomas F. Nalepa, Lori N. Ivan, Maria S. Sepúlveda, and Tomas O. Höök
Variation in Length–Frequency Distributions of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) within and between Three Baltic Sea Subregions: Szczecin Lagoon, Curonian Lagoon, and Gulf of Finland
Christiane Fenske, Anastasija Zaiko, Adam Wozn´ iczka, Sven Dahlke, and Marina I. Orlova
A Note on Dreissenid Mussels and Historic Shipwrecks
Russ Green
Part VII: Appendix: Narratives for Video Clips
Video Clip 1: A Visual Documentation of the Eradication of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from Millbrook Quarry, Virginia
Raymond T. Fernald and Brian T. Watson
Video Clip 2: Invasion of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) to the Midlake Reef Complex in Lake Michigan: A Video Montage
Jeffrey S. Houghton, Robert Paddock, and John Janssen
Video Clip 3: Close-Up View of Inhalant Siphons of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, Deepwater Morph) on the Midlake Reef Complex in Lake Michigan
Thomas F. Nalepa, Jeffrey S. Houghton, Robert Paddock, and John Janssen
Video Clip 4: Visual Documentation of Quagga Mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) at Two Depths in Southeastern Lake Michigan
Russ Miller, Nathan Hawley, and Steven A. Ruberg
Video Clip 5: Zebra Mussel Movements on the Bottom of Lake Michigan
Barry M. Lesht and Nathan Hawley
Video Clip 6: Behavior of Zebra Mussels Exposed to Microcystis Colonies from Natural Seston and Laboratory Cultures
Henry A. Vanderploeg and J. Rudi Strickler
Video Clip 7: Visual Evidence a Native Mussel Population (Unionidae: Bivalvia) in the St. Clair River (Laurentian Great Lakes) Has Survived Despite the Presence of Dreissena
Greg Lashbrook and Kathy Johnson
Postlude–Synopsis
Thomas F. Nalepa and Don W. Schloesser
Index
Biography
Thomas F. Nalepa was a research biologist with the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Ann Arbor, Michigan, for 37 years before retiring from federal service in 2011. He is now a part-time research scientist with the Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, and also maintains an emeritus position with NOAA.
Don W. Schloesser is a fisheries scientist with the Great Lakes Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Ann Arbor, Michigan. He has been at the center since 1977.
Tom and Don shared a mutual interest in benthic communities long before the first zebra mussel was reported in the Great Lakes in 1988, but it was the discovery of this organism that initiated joint collaborations and research projects. Both attended the first organized meeting on zebra mussels in North America in 1989, and in 1993 co-edited the first edition of this book. Since then, they have continued to share ideas, assess research needs, and pool resources. Joint projects on dreissenids have focused on long-term trends and spread, population dynamics, biology, and impacts on the ecosystem, particularly impacts on other components of the benthic community.