2nd Edition

Monitoring and Control of Macrofouling Mollusks in Fresh Water Systems

By Gerald L. Mackie, Renata Claudi Copyright 2010
    550 Pages 22 Color & 117 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Upon its initial publication more than fifteen years ago, this book broke new ground with its comprehensive coverage of the biology and ecology, distribution and dispersal mechanisms, physiology, monitoring, negative and positive impacts, and control of aquatic invasive species of mussels, clams, and snails. Building on this foundation, the second edition of Monitoring and Control of Macrofouling Mollusks in Fresh Water Systems includes completely revised information on species such as the zebra mussel while also covering up-and-coming nuisance species such as the quagga mussel, Conrad’s false mussel, the Asian clam, and the fast-spreading golden mussel.

    The Second Edition includes:

    • Ten new species of mussels and snails
    • International case studies on mussel fouling problems and how to cope with them
    • New control and monitoring techniques
    • Discussions of the latest threats and possible future scenarios

    The book contains brief descriptions of the external and internal structures, examining only those features relevant to the monitoring and control of the invasive species. It discusses why the mollusks are pests, distinguishing nuisance species from native species, their habits and habitat, reproductive potential, and life cycles and population dynamics. The authors also explain how efficient dispersal mechanisms employed by the nuisance mollusks not only help them spread so rapidly to inland lakes and rivers across continents, but how they can invade virtually every part of a facility.

    While many other resources contain segments of this information, none cover all areas and link them in a cohesive fashion. It is this approach that makes the understanding of potential impacts on ecosystems, industries and utilities, as well as the many human-made physical and chemical mitigants for controlling the mollusks supplied by this book so crucial for preserving the health of raw water supplies.

    Biology

    Introduction

    Morphology and Anatomy

    Mode of Life

    Reproduction and Life Cycle

    Population Dynamics

    Distribution, Dispersal Potential, and Dispersal Mechanisms

    Introduction

    Distribution

    Dispersal Potential and Mechanisms

    Using Physiological and Ecological Requirements and Environmental Tolerances for Assessing Risk of Invasion

    Introduction

    Background Information on Key Variables

    Assessing Survival Potential of Aquatic Invasive Bivalves

    Assessing Survival Potential of Aquatic Invasive Gastropods

    Assessing Potential Infestation Levels

    Recommendations for Further Research

    Monitoring: Searching, Finding, and Interpreting

    Introduction

    Sampling for Larval and Adult Bivalves

    Sampling for Gastropod Eggs and Adults

    Early Detection of Dreissena spp. Veligers Using Molecular Methods

    Monitoring for Macrofouling Control in Industry

    Navigational Buoys (Navaids) as Monitoring Platforms

    Impacts of Macrofoulers on Man-Made Structures

    Introduction

    Marine Structures

    Water Intakes

    Pumphouse Structures

    Raw Water Systems

    Piping and Components of Materials of Construction

    Fire Protection Systems

    Drainage and Sumps

    Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems

    Compressed Air

    Facility-Specifi c Impacts

    Ecological, Socio-Economic, and Benefi cial Impacts of Aquatic Invasive Mollusks

    Introduction

    Dreissenidae

    Mytilidae

    Corbiculidae

    Ampullariidae

    Bithyniidae

    Hydrobiidae

    Weapons of Mollusk Destruction

    Introduction

    Preventative versus Reactive Strategies

    Mitigation of Mussels through the Use of Chemicals

    Chemical Options Available

    Chemical Cleaning

    Nonchemical Control

    Domination by Chlorination

    Introduction

    History of Chlorine

    Sodium Hypochlorite

    Chemistry of Chlorination

    Factors Infl uencing the Effectiveness of Chlorine

    Chlorination Treatment Strategies for Zebra Mussel Control

    Mechanisms of Chlorine Toxicity

    Nontarget Effects of Chlorine

    Sublethal Effects of Chlorine

    Dosage and Consumption Calculations

    Main Components of the Chlorination Systems

    Mitigation of Aquatic Invasive Gastropods

    Introduction

    Giant Ramshorn Snail, Marisa cornuarietis

    Channeled Applesnail, Pomacea canaliculata

    Titan Applesnail, Pomacea haustrum

    Island Applesnail, Pomacea insularum

    Spiketop Applesnail, Pomacea diffusa

    Florida Applesnail, Pomacea paludosa

    Quilted Melania, T. granifera

    Red-rimmed Melania, Melanoides tuberculata

    Faucet Snail, Bithynia tentaculata

    New Zealand Mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum

    Case Studies

    Zebra and Quagga Mussels in the Inland Waters of European Russia and Adjacent Countries, M.I. Orlova

    Zebra Mussels: Review of Ecology and Impacts Since Invasion in Ireland, F.E. Lucy

    Summary of the Distribution and Impact of the Golden Mussel in Argentina and Neighboring Countries, G. Darrigran

    Response of a Major Brazilian Utility to the Golden Mussel Invasion, M.E. Rolla and H.R. Mota

    Glossary

    References

    Index

    Biography

    Renata Claudi, an environmental scientist with over 25 years of diverse business and technical experience, currently serves as a Chief Scientist for RNT Consulting Inc. Gerald L. Mackie is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada.