Introduction to Thermal and Fluid Engineering
Features
- Provides a concise presentation of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer
- Links theory and practice with applied examples
- Includes design examples to illustrate concepts
- Contains chapter objectives and summaries, as well as problems that will be encountered in the learning process
- Covers electronics applications of heat transfer
A solutions manual is available upon qualifying course adoption
Summary
Introduction to Thermal and Fluid Engineering combines coverage of basic thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer for a one- or two-term course for a variety of engineering majors. The book covers fundamental concepts, definitions, and models in the context of engineering examples and case studies. It carefully explains the methods used to evaluate changes in equilibrium, mass, energy, and other measurable properties, most notably temperature. It then also discusses techniques used to assess the effects of those changes on large, multi-component systems in areas ranging from mechanical, civil, and environmental engineering to electrical and computer technologies.
Includes a motivational student study guide on CD to promote successful evaluation of energy systems
This material helps readers optimize problem solving using practices to determine equilibrium limits and entropy, as well as track energy forms and rates of progress for processes in both closed and open thermodynamic systems. Presenting a variety of system examples, tables, and charts to reinforce understanding, the book includes coverage of:
- How automobile and aircraft engines work
- Construction of steam power plants and refrigeration systems
- Gas and vapor power processes and systems
- Application of fluid statics, buoyancy, and stability, and the flow of fluids in pipes and machinery
- Heat transfer and thermal control of electronic components
Keeping sight of the difference between system synthesis and analysis, this book contains numerous design problems. It would be useful for an intensive course geared toward readers who know basic physics and mathematics through ordinary differential equations but might not concentrate on thermal/fluids science much further. Written by experts in diverse fields ranging from mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering to applied mathematics, this book is based on the assertion that engineers from all walks absolutely must understand energy processes and be able to quantify them.
Table of Contents
The Thermal/Fluid Sciences: Introductory Concepts
Thermodynamics
Fluid Mechanics
Heat Transfer
Engineered Systems and Products
Historical Development
The Thermal/Fluid Sciences and the Environment
Thermodynamics: Preliminary Concepts and Definitions
The Study of Thermodynamics
Some Definitions
Dimensions and Units
Density and Related Properties
Pressure
Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Problem-Solving Methodology
Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Kinetic, Potential, and Internal Energy
Work
Heat
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The Energy Balance for Closed Systems
The Ideal Gas Model
Ideal Gas Enthalpy and Specific Heats
Processes of an Ideal Gas
Properties of Pure, Simple Compressible Substances
The State Postulate
P-v-T Relationships
Thermodynamic Property Data
The T-s and h-s Diagrams
Real Gas Behavior
Equations of State
The Polytropic Process for an Ideal Gas
Control Volume Mass and Energy Analysis
The Control Volume
Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume
Specific Heats of Incompressible Substances
Applications of Control Volume Energy Analysis
Synthesis or Analysis?
The First Law Heat Balance
Design Example
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Kelvin-Planck Statement and Heat Engines
The Clausius Statement: Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
The Equivalence of the Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements
Reversible and Irreversible Processe
The Carnot Cycle
The Carnot Cycle with External Irreversibilities
The Absolute Temperature Scales
Entropy
The Classical Definition of Entropy
The Clausius Inequality
The Temperature-Entropy Diagram
The Gibbs Property Relations
Entropy Change for Solids, Liquids, and Ideal Gases
The Isentropic Process for an Ideal Gas
Isentropic Efficiencies of Steady Flow Devices
The Entropy Balance Equation
Gas Power Systems
The Internal Combustion Engine
The Air Standard Otto Cycle
Design Example
The Air Standard Diesel Cycle
The Gas Turbine
The Jet Engine
Vapor Power and Refrigeration Cycles
The Steam Power Plant
The Ideal Rankine Cycle
The Ideal Rankine Cycle with Superheat
The Effect of Irreversibilities
The Rankine Cycle with Superheat and Reheat
Design Example
The Ideal Rankine Cycle with Regeneration
The Ideal Refrigeration Cycle
The Ideal Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
Departures from the Ideal Refrigeration Cycle
Mixtures of Gases, Vapors, and Combustion Products
Mixtures of Ideal Gases
Psychrometrics
The Psychrometric Chart
The Products of Combustion
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
The Definition of a Fluid
Fluid Properties and Flow Properties
The Variation of Properties in a Fluid
The Continuum Concept
Laminar and Turbulent Flow
Fluid Stress Conventions and Concepts
Viscosity, a Fluid Property
Design Example
Other Fluid Properties
Fluid Statics
Pressure Variation in a Static Field
Hydrostatic Pressure
Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces
Design Example
Hydrostatic Forces on Curved Surfaces
Buoyancy
Stability
Uniform Rectilinear Acceleration
Control Volume Analysis—Mass and Energy Conservation
Fundamental Laws
Conservation of Mass
Mass Conservation Applications
The First Law of Thermodynamics for a Control Volume
Applications of the Control Volume Expression for the First Law
The Bernoulli Equation
Design Example
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Linear Momentum
Applications of the Control Volume Expression
Design Example
The Control Volume Relation for the Moment of Momentum
Applications of the Moment of Momentum Relationship
Dimensional Analysis and Similarity
Fundamental Dimensions
The Buckingham Pi Theorem
Reduction of Differential Equations to a Dimensionless Form
Dimensional Analysis of Rotating Machines
Similarity
Viscous Flow
Reynolds’ Experiment
Fluid Drag
Design Example
Boundary Layer Flow over a Flat Plate
Flow in Pipes and Pipe Networks
Frictional Loss in Pipes
Dimensional Analysis of Pipe Flow
Fully Developed Flow
Friction Factors for Fully Developed Flow
Friction Factor and Head Loss Determination for Pipe Flow
Design Example
Design Example
Design Example
Multiple-Path Pipe Systems
Fluid Machinery
The Centrifugal Pump
The Net Positive Suction Head
Combining Pump and System Performance
Scaling Laws for Pumps and Fans
Axial and Mixed Flow Pumps
Turbines
Introduction to Heat Transfer
Conduction
Thermal Conductivity
Convection
Radiation
Thermal Resistance
Combined Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Steady-State Conduction
The General Equation of Heat Conduction
Conduction in Plane Walls
Radial Heat Flow
Simple Shapes with Heat Generation
Extended Surfaces
Two-Dimensional Conduction
Unsteady-State Conduction
The Lumped Capacitance Model
The Semi-Infinite Solid
Design Example
Finite-Sized Solids
Forced Convection—Internal Flow
Temperature Distributions with Internal Forced Convection
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients
Applications of Internal Flow Forced Convection Correlations
Design Example
Design Example
Forced Convection—External Flow
Flow Parallel to a Plane Wall
External Flow over Bluff Bodies
Design Example
Free or Natural Convection
Governing Parameters
Working Correlations for Natural Convection
Natural Convection in Parallel Plate Channels
Design Example
Natural Convection in Enclosures
Heat Exchangers
Governing Relationships
Heat Exchanger Analysis Methods
Design Example
Finned Heat Exchangers
Radiation Heat Transfer
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Monochromatic Emissive Power
Radiation Properties and Kirchhoff’s Law
Radiation Intensity and Lambert’s Cosine Law
Heat Flow between Blackbodies
Heat Flow by Radiation between Two Bodies
Radiosity and Irradiation
Radiation within Enclosures by a Network Method
Appendix A: Tables and Charts
Appendix B: Summary of Differential Vector Operations in Three Coordinate Systems
