The Science of Water: Concepts and Applications, Second Edition
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Summary
Water, water everywhere - with this in mind, the perennial question in water works remains: can the earth's finite supply of water resources be increased to meet the constantly growing demand? Hailed on its first publication as a masterful account of the state of water science, this second edition of the bestselling The Science of Water: Concepts and Applications puts the spotlight on the critical importance of water's role in future sustainability.
Clearly written and user-friendly, this timely revision builds on the remarkable success of the first edition by updating, reorganizing, and revising the original to include the latest information and research results. The common thread woven through the fabric of this presentation is water resource utilization and its protection. It covers topics such as water sources, water hydraulics, chemistry, biology/microbiology, ecology, water quality, pollution, biomonitoring, sampling, testing, reuse, and treatment. The author examines the impact of human use, misuse, and reuse of freshwater and wastewater on the overall water supply.
Authoritative, informative, and up-to-date, the book blends real-world experience with theoretical models. This work provides the valuable insight all water/wastewater practitioners need and includes important information for policymakers and anyone else tasked with making decisions concerning water resource utilization.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Setting the Stage
Historical Perspective
References
Further Reading
ALL ABOUT WATER
How Special, Strange, and Different Is Water?
Characteristics of Water
Just Two H 's and One O
Somewhere between 0 and 105°
Water 's Physical Properties
Capillary Action
The Water Cycle
Specifi c Water Movements
Q and Q Factors
Sources of Water Watershed Protection
Multiple-Barrier Concept
Watershed Management
Water Quality Impact
Watershed Protection and Regulations
A Watershed Protection Plan
Reservoir Management Practices
Potable Water Source
Potable Water
Key Definitions
Surface Water
Location! Location! Location!
How Readily Available Is Potable Water?
Advantages and Disadvantages of Surface Water
Surface Water Hydrology
Raw Water Storage
Surface Water Intakes
Surface-Water Screens
Surface-Water Quality
Groundwater Supply
Groundwater
Groundwater Quality
GUDISW
Well Systems
Well Site Requirements
Type of Wells
Components of a Well
Well Casing
Grout
Well Pad
Sanitary Seal
Well Screen
Casing Vent
Drop Pipe
Miscellaneous Well Components
Well Evaluation
Well Pumps
Routine Operation and Recordkeeping Requirements
Well Abandonment
Water Use
References
Further Reading
WATER HYDRAULICS
What Is Water Hydraulics?
Basic Concepts
Properties of Water
Force and Pressure
Head
Flow/Discharge Rate: Water in Motion
Piezometric Surface and Bernoulli 's Theorem
Hydraulic Machines (Pumps)
Well and Wet Well Hydraulics
Friction Head Loss
Basic Pumping Hydraulics
Open-Channel Flow
Flow Measurement
Flow Measurement: The Old-Fashioned Way
Flow Measuring Devices
References
Further Reading
WATER CHEMISTRY
Chemistry Concepts &Definitions
Chemistry Fundamentals
Water Solutions
Water Constituents
Common Water Measurements
Water Treatment Chemicals
Drinking Water Parameters: Chemical
References
Further Reading
WATER BIOLOGY
Biology/Microbiology: What Is It?
Water Microorganisms
The Cell
Bacteria
Protozoa
Microscopic Crustaceans
Viruses
Algae
Fungi
Microbiological Processes/Aspects
References
Further Reading
WATER ECOLOGY
Setting the Stage
Levels of Organization
Ecosystem
Biogeochemical Cycles
Energy Flow in the Ecosystem
Food Chain Efficiency
Productivity
Population Ecology
Stream Genesis and Structure
Benthic Life: An Overview
Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Insect Macroinvertebrates
Noninsect Macroinvertebrates
References Further Reading
WATER POLLUTION
Sources of Contaminants
Radionuclides
The Chemical Cocktail
Groundwater Contamination
Self-Purifi cation of Streams
Sources of Stream Pollution
References
Further Reading
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOMONITORING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING
What Is Biomonitoring?
Biotic Index (Streams)
Biological Sampling (Streams)
Water Quality Monitoring (Drinking Water)
Recommended Reading
WATER TREATMENT
Introduction
Conventional Water Treatment
Stages of Water Treatment
Coagulation
Flocculation
Sedimentation
Filtration
Disinfection
Reference
Further Reading
WATER TREATMENT CALCULATIONS
Introduction
Water Source and Storage Calculations
Coagulation, Mixing, and Flocculation Calculations
Determining Percent of Solutions
Sedimentation Calculations
Water Filtration Calculations
Water Chlorination Calculations
Chemical Use Calculations
Chlorination Chemistry
Glossary
Index
Editorial Reviews
". . . the author has compiled an impressive collection of useful information about the science of water in an interesting, well-written matter . . This book is highly recommended for hydrologists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and definitely aquatic environmental samplers and water treatment operators."
– Robert M. Hordon, Department of Geography, Rutgers University, in Journal of the American Water Resources Association, August 2008
