Table of Contents

NONIMAGING OPTICS
Fundamental Concepts
Imaging and Nonimaging Optics
The Compound Parabolic Concentrator
Maximum Concentration
Examples
Design of Two-Dimensional Concentrators
Concentrators for Sources at a Finite Distance
Concentrators for Tubular Receivers
Angle Transformers
The String Method
Optics with Dielectrics
Asymmetrical Optics
Examples
Étendue and the Winston–Welford Design Method
Conservation of Étendue
Nonideal Optical Systems
Étendue as a Geometrical Quantity
Two-Dimensional Systems
Étendue as an Integral of the Optical Momentum
Étendue as a Volume in Phase Space
Étendue as a Difference in Optical Path Length
Flow Lines
The Winston–Welford Design Method
Caustics as Flow Lines
Maximum Concentration
Étendue and the Shape Factor
Examples
Vector Flux
Definition of Vector Flux
Vector Flux as a Bisector of the Edge Rays
Vector Flux and Étendue
Vector Flux for Disk-Shaped Lambertian Sources
Design of Concentrators Using the Vector Flux
Examples
Combination of Primaries with Flow-Line Secondaries
Reshaping the Receiver
Compound Elliptical Concentrator Secondary
Truncated Trumpet Secondary
Trumpet Secondary for a Large Receiver
Secondaries with Multiple Entry Apertures
Tailored Edge Ray Concentrators Designed for Maximum Concentration
Tailored Edge Ray Concentrators Designed for Lower Concentration
Fresnel Primaries
Tailored Edge Ray Concentrators for Fresnel Primaries
Examples
Stepped Flow-Line Nioptics
Compact Concentrators
Concentrators with Gaps
Examples
Luminaires
Luminaires for Large Source and Flat Mirrors
The General Approach for Flat Sources
Far-Edge Diverging Luminaires for Flat Sources
Far-Edge Converging Luminaires for Flat Sources
Near-Edge Diverging Luminaires for Flat Sources
Near-Edge Converging Luminaires for Flat Sources
Luminaires for Circular Sources
Examples
Appendix A: Mirror Differential Equation for Linear Sources
Appendix B: Mirror Differential Equation for Circular Sources
Miñano–Benitez Design Method
(Simultaneous Multiple Surface)
The RR Optic
The XR, RX, and XX Optics
The Miñano–Benitez Design Method with Generalized Wavefronts
The RXI Optic
Other Types of Simultaneous Multiple Surface Optics
Examples
The Miñano Design Method Using Poisson Brackets
Design of Two-Dimensional Concentrators for Inhomogeneous Media
Edge Rays as a Tubular Surface in Phase Space
Poisson Brackets
Curvilinear Coordinate System
Design of Two-Dimensional Concentrators
An Example of an Ideal Two-Dimensional Concentrator
Design of Three-Dimensional Concentrators
An Example of an Ideal Three-Dimensional Concentrator
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Geometrical Optics
Fermat’s Principle
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formulations
Optical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
Another Form for the Hamiltonian Formulation
Change of Coordinate System in the Hamilton Equations
Rays and Wave Fronts
Optical Momentum
The Eikonal Equation
The Ray Equation
Optical Path Length between Two Wave Fronts
Reflection and Refraction
Reflected and Refracted Rays
The Laws of Reflection and Refraction
Symmetry
Conservation of Momentum and Apparent
Refractive Index
Linear Symmetry
Circular Symmetry and Skew Invariant
Étendue in Phase Space
Étendue and the Point Characteristic Function
Étendue in Hamiltonian Optics
Classical Mechanics and Geometrical Optics
Fermat’s Principle and Maupertuis’ Principle
Skew Invariant and Conservation of Angular Momentum
Potential in Mechanics and Refractive Index in Optics
Radiometry, Photometry, and Radiation Heat Transfer
Definitions
Conservation of Radiance in Homogeneous Media
Conservation of Basic Radiance in (Specular) Reflections and Refractions
Étendue and Shape Factor
Two-Dimensional Systems
Illumination of a Plane
Plane Curves
General Considerations
Parabola
Ellipse
Hyperbola
Conics
Involute
Winding Macrofocal Parabola
Unwinding Macrofocal Parabola
Winding Macrofocal Ellipse
Unwinding Macrofocal Ellipse
Cartesian Oval for Parallel Rays
Cartesian Oval for Converging or Diverging Rays
Cartesian Ovals Calculated Point by Point
Equiangular Spiral
Functions Definitions