1st Edition

Marine Products for Healthcare Functional and Bioactive Nutraceutical Compounds from the Ocean

By Vazhiyil Venugopal Copyright 2009
    528 Pages 25 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Considered Mother Nature’s medicine cabinet in many areas of the world, marine organisms have been known from time immemorial to possess curative powers. But until recently, their bioactive compounds, nutraceutical properties, and commercial potential remained undiscovered. Bringing together widely scattered literature, Marine Products for Healthcare: Functional and Bioactive Nutraceutical Compounds from the Ocean discusses the importance of marine products as a source of nutraceuticals, food additives, and other useful ingredients in health protection and product formulation

    The book begins with a discussion of the general characteristics of functional foods and an overview of the functionality of marine fishery products. It includes detailed discussions on nutraceutical and other functional properties of their seafood components including proteins, bioactive peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, chondroitin, carotenoids, minerals, and shell waste products. Other chapters examine the role of seaweeds as food supplements, additives, and bioactive compounds; microalgae and corals rich in nutrients, pigments, and therapeutic agents; and secondary metabolites of corals, particularly sponges, that have potential as lifesaving drugs. The book also explores recent developments in food fortification, packaging, and drug delivery systems with particular reference with marine ingredients and concludes with a delineation of the safety hazards posed by some marine products.

    The science of discovering health promoting compounds from marine sources and techniques for extracting and purifying these chemicals is advancing. More than just a review of the science and market base available for the development of marine nutraceutical/functional food, this book provides a greater understanding of how consumer attitude and legal concerns will impact the kind of products that can be made.

    Functional Foods: An Overview

     Introduction

    Functionality of Food and Food Components

    Role of Diet in Health Protection

    Nutraceuticals

    Functional Food

    Marine Products as Functional Food: An Overview

    References

    Marine Habitat and Resources

    Introduction

    The Marine Environment

    Marine Fishery Products

    Coral Reef and Corals

    Seaweed

    Microalgae

    Marine Bacteria

    References

    Seafood Proteins: Functional Properties and Protein Supplements

    Introduction

    Seafood Proteins as Dietary Component

    Protein Content of Raw Fish Muscle

    Functional Properties of Proteins

    Physical Functions of Proteins in Food

    Functionality of Seafood Proteins

    Functionally Active Marine Protein Supplements

    Fish Protein Powders

    Fermented Fish Products

    Animal Feed

    Marine Connective Tissue Proteins

    Some Seafood Products of Consumer Interest

    References

    Seafood Proteins: Nutritional Value, Bioactive Peptides, Marine and Cold-Adapted Enzymes

    Introduction

    Dietary Protein Requirements

    Nutritive Value of Proteins

    Nutritive Value of Seafood Proteins

    Nutritive Value of Marine Protein Supplements

    Bioactive Peptides

    Bioactive Peptides from Seafood

    Marine Enzymes

    Antifreeze Proteins

    Cold-Adapted Enzymes

    Commercial Status

    Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Therapeutic Functions

    Introduction

    Marine Lipids

    Oxidation of Fatty Acids

    Nutritional Value of Lipids

    Omega-3 PUFA-Rich Oils from Marine Fish

    Squalene

    Commercial Aspects

    References

    Seafood Processing Wastes: Chitin, Chitosan, and Other Compounds

    Introduction

    Major Compounds from Shellfi sh Processing Wastes

    Chitin

    Chitosan

    Enzymes Degrading Chitin and Chitosan

    Glucosamine

    Shark Cartilage and Chondroitin Sulfate

    Commercial Products

    References

    Cartotenoids

    Introduction

    General Properties

    Units and Requirements

    Marine Sources of Carotenoids

    Isolation and Characterization

    Bioavailability of Carotenoids

    Functional Roles of Carotenoids

    Benefi ts of Dietary Carotenoids

    Commercial Status

    References

    Marine Sources of Vitamins and Minerals

    Introduction

    Vitamins

    Minerals

    Bone Health in Humans

    Commercial Products

    References

    Seaweed: Nutritional Value, Bioactive Properties, and Uses

    Introduction

    Processing of Seaweed

    Identification of Seaweed

    Proximate Composition

    Dietary Fiber

    Industrial Uses of Seaweed

    Farming of Seaweed

    Commercial Products

    Regulatory Status

    References

    Seaweed Hydrocolloids

    Introduction

    General Functional Properties of Seaweed Hydrocolloids

    Agar

    Alginate

    Carrageenan

    Fucoidan

    Laminarin

    Commercial Status

    References

    Marine Microalgae, Other Microorganisms, and Corals

    Introduction

    Marine Microalgae

    Major Components from Microalgae

    Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

    Cultivation of Microalgae

    Some Specifi c Examples of Algae

    Microalgae as Feed for Aquaculture

    Marine Bacteria

    Coral Reefs and Corals

    Commercial Status

    References

    Drugs and Pharmaceuticals from Marine Sources

    Introduction

    Prospects of Finding Drugs from Marine Organisms

    Marine Products Having Potential Bioactive Compounds

    Marine Biotechnology

    Development of Marine Drugs

    Global Interests and Commercial Status

    References

    Marine Nutraceuticals for Food Fortifi cation and Enrichment

    Introduction

    Dietary Guidelines

    Supplementation

    Food Fortification and Enrichment

    Some Examples of Food Fortification

    Marine Ingredients for Food Fortification and Supplementation

    Commercial Status

    References

    Marine Macromolecules as Nutraceutical Carriers and Biofilms

    Introduction

    Functions of a Delivery System

    Matrix Design for Delivery of Nutraceuticals

    Encapsulation

    Some Novel Delivery Systems

    Encapsulation of Marine Ingredients

    Biodegradable and Edible Films

    Marine Macromolecules as Food Coatings and Edible Films

    Nanotechnology

    Hydrogels and Membranes for Therapeutic Applications

    Commercial Status

    References

    Safety Hazards with Marine Products and Their Control

    Introduction

    Food-Borne Hazards

    Types of Hazards of Marine Products

    Control of Hazards

    References

    Appendix

    Index

    Biography

    Vazhiyil Venugopal