1st Edition

Vapor Compression Heat Pumps with Refrigerant Mixtures

By Reinhard Radermacher, Yunho Hwang Copyright 2005
    328 Pages 190 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    328 Pages 190 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Amidst tightening requirements for eliminating CFC’s, HCFC’s, halons, and HFC’s from use in air conditioning and heat pumps, the search began for replacements that are environmentally benign, non-flammable, and similar to the banned refrigerants in system-level behavior. Refrigerant mixtures are increasingly used as working fluids because they demonstrate desirable thermodynamic, feasibility, and safety characteristics.

    Vapor Compression Heat Pumps with Refrigerant Mixtures provides the first comprehensive, single-source treatment of working fluid mixtures and their applications in vapor compression systems. The authors explain in detail the thermodynamics of refrigerant mixtures, which is vastly more complex than that of individual refrigerants, as well as the fundamentals of various refrigeration cycles and methods for improving their efficiency. They also include important discussions on heat transfer and pressure drop correlations, experimental performance measurements and examples of using refrigerants and their mixtures, and critical operational issues such as control issues, refrigerant mixing, and mass fraction shifts.

    Assembling reviews of the scattered literature on the subject and reflecting two decades of research by the authors, Vapor Compression Heat Pumps with Refrigerant Mixtures prepares you to design and implement systems that take the best advantage of fluid mixtures, confronting the challenges and grasping the opportunities that they present.

    Introduction
    Heat Pumping
    Overview of Current Products
    History of Working Fluids
    Requirements for Working Fluids
    Background of Environmental Concerns
    References
    Properties of Working Fluids
    Thermodynamic Diagrams of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants
    Analytical Treatment of Thermodynamic Properties
    Ternary and Multicomponent Mixtures
    References
    Vapor Compression Cycle Fundamentals
    The Carnot Cycle
    Heat Pumps in the Context of Energy Conversion
    The Ideal Vapor Compression Cycle
    Differences between the Carnot Cycle and Vapor Compression Cycle
    Realistic Vapor Compression Cycles
    Lorenz Cycle
    Vapor Compression Cycle with Zeotropic Mixtures in Thermodynamic Diagrams
    The Matching of Temperature Glides
    Methods for Comparing the Performance of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants
    Simulation of the Vapor Compression Cycle
    References
    Methods for Improving the Cycle Efficiency
    Measures of Incremental Efficiency Improvement
    The Suction Line to Liquid Line Heat Exchanger
    The Economizer
    The Expander
    The Three-Path Evaporator
    References
    Experimental Performance Measurements
    Laboratory Breadboard Tests
    Actual System Tests Experience
    References
    Refrigerant Mixtures in Refrigeration Applications
    Single Evaporator Refrigeration Cycle
    Dual Evaporator Refrigeration Cycle
    Lorenz-Meutzner Cycle
    Modified Lorenz-Meutzner Cycle Refrigerator
    References
    Refrigerant Mixtures in Heat Pump Applications
    Capacity Control
    R22 Replacement
    References
    Heat Transfer of Refrigerant Mixtures
    Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients
    Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients
    Correlations for Flow Boiling Heat Transfer
    Pressure Drop During Evaporation
    Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficients
    Correlations for Flow Condensation Heat Transfer
    Pressure Drop during Condensation
    References
    Operational Issues
    Regulation
    Refrigerant Recovery
    Cycle Flushing
    Refrigerant Mixing
    Refrigerant Mass Fraction Measurement
    Evacuating a System
    Refrigerant Charge
    Leak Checking
    Mass Fraction Shifts
    References
    Index

    Biography

    Radermacher\, Reinhard; Hwang\, Yunho