Thermal and flow processes are ubiquitous in mechanical, aerospace and chemical engineering systems. Experimental methods including thermal and flow diagnostics are therefore an important element in preparation of future engineers and researchers in this field. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of experimentation, a fundamental guidance book is essential in the engineering curriculum and as a technical reference.
Thermal and Flow Measurements provides a synthesis of the basic science and engineering of diagnostic methods that students and engineers need to understand, design and apply to measurements in mechanical, aerospace and chemical engineering processes. A clear exposition is given on the basic concepts and application aspects of a wide range of thermal and flow diagnostics, starting from basic sensors, flow visualization, velocimetry, laser optical diagnostics, particle sizing methods, gas sampling methods, to micro-, nano-scale sensors and lidars. The presentation of topics allow readers to see the fundamental principles behind each methodology as well as the application details.
Thermal and Flow Measurements
Some Examples of Thermal and Flow Measurements
Characteristics of Measurement Systems
Time Response of Measurement Systems
Time-Series Analysis and Signal Processing
Error Estimates and Uncertainty Analysis
Error Estimates Using Gaussian Distribution
Data Regression
Uncertainty Analysis
Dimensional Analysis and Similitude
Basic Science and Engineering in Thermal
and Flow Measurements
Basic Measurements of Pressure, Temperature,
and Flow Rates
Pressure Measurements
Manometers
Pressure Transducers Based on Elastic Strain
Piezoelectric Transducers
Some Implementation Issues
Temperature Sensors
Temperature Measurements Based on Thermal Expansion
of Materials
Thermocouples
Resistance-Based Temperature Sensors
Pyrometer Measurements of Temperature
Strain Gauges
Flow Rate Measurements
Obstruction Flowmeters
Rotameters
Turbine Flowmeters
Thermal Mass Flowmeters
Flow Velocity Measurements Using Pitot
and Static Pressure Probes
Flow Visualization and Image Analysis
Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines
Direct Photography Using Flow Tracers
Surface Imaging Using Thermochromatic Liquid Crystals
and Pressure-Sensitive Coatings
Shadowgraph and Schlieren Imaging
Interferometry
Laser Tomographic Imaging
Image Processing and Analysis
Image Acquisition
Basic Image Operations
Image Enhancements
Edge Detection
Flow Velocity Measurements
Laser Doppler Velocimetry
The Operating Principle
Operational Setup
Particle Seeding
Hot Wire Anemometry
Operating Principle
Operational Considerations
Particle Image Velocimetry
Particle Image Density
Stereoscopic PIV for Three-Component Velocity
Measurements
Other Image-Based Methods
Optical Diagnostics for Measurements of Species
Concentrations and Temperature
Rayleigh Scattering
Rayleigh Scattering Theory
Applications of Rayleigh Scattering
Mie Scattering
Applications and Assessments
Raman Scattering
Molecular Energy and Spectroscopy
Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Thermometry Based on LIF
Vibrational and Rotational Spectroscopy
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Particle Sizing and Two-Phase
Flow Measurements
Parameters to Characterize Groups of Particles
Light Scattering and Extinction Measurements of Particle Size
Laser-induced Incandescence Measurements of Particle Volume
Fraction and Size
Laser Diffraction
Phase Doppler Analysis
Particle Mass Flux Measurements
Fiberoptic Correlation Method
Acoustic Measurements
Capacitance Probes
Isokinetic Sampling
Gas Sampling Measurements
Sampling Probes
Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) Analyzers
Measurements of Nitric Oxides
Hydrocarbon Analysis
Measurements of Sulfur Oxides
Gas Chromatography
Mass Spectroscopy
Scaled Measurements
MEMS Devices
Microfabrication Methods
Microfluidic Sensors and Devices
Pressure and Temperature Sensors
Bio- and Chemical Sensors
Nanotechnology Sensors
Microscopic Imaging Techniques
LIDARS
Appendix A: Electronic Devices.
Operational Amplifiers
Inverting Amplifier
Noninverting Amplifier
Current-to-Voltage Converter
Differential Amplifier
Trigger Electronics
Frequency Filters
Filter Basics
Active Filters
Appendix B: Optics
Optical Instruments
Diffraction
Diffraction Grating
Interference
Appendix C: Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Radiation
Maxwell’s Equations
Electromagnetic Wave Equation
Radiative Transfer Equation
Blackbody Radiation
Appendix D: Quantum Mechanics and Atomic/Molecular Structure
Vibrational and Rotational Energy of Simple Molecules
Energy Transitions and Spectroscopy
Biography
T.-W. Lee
"The book is a comprehensive guide and very usable for educational purposes. The book is recommended."
—Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
