Gaseous Electronics: Theory and Practice
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Summary
The research on gaseous electronics reaches back more than 100 years. With the growing importance of gas lasers in so many research and industrial applications as well as power systems generating, transmitting, and distributing huge blocks of electrical power, the body of literature on cross sections, drift and diffusion, and ionization phenomena continues to bloom. Searching through this vast expanse of data is a daunting and time-consuming task. With this in mind, eminent researcher Gorur Govinda Raju presents an authoritative survey of the ballooning literature on gaseous electrical discharge.
Gaseous Electronics: Theory and Practice begins with an overview of the physics underlying the collisions involved in discharge, scattering, ion mobilities, and the various cross-sections and relations between them. A discussion follows on experimental techniques used to measure collision cross-sections, covering the techniques related to the data presented in later chapters. In an unprecedented collection of data and analysis, the author supplies comprehensive cross-sections for rare gases such as Argon, Helium, Krypton, and Xenon; various diatomics; and complex molecules and industrial gases including hydrocarbons. He further includes discussions and analyses on drift and diffusion of electrons, ionization coefficients, attachment coefficients, high-voltage phenomena, and high-frequency discharges.
Based on more than 40 years of experience in the field, Gaseous Electronics: Theory and Practice places a comprehensive collection of data together with theory and modern practice in a single, concise reference.
Table of Contents
Collision Fundamentals
Coordinate Systems
Meaning of Velocity Space
Maxwell’s Distribution Function
Mean Free Path
Particle Collisions
Potential Functions for Particle Interactions
Quantum Mechanical Approach to Scattering
References
Experimental Methods
Total Collision Cross Sections
Differential Cross Sections
Ionization Cross Section
Total Excitation Cross Section
Attachment Cross Section
Concluding Remarks
References
Data on Cross Sections—I. Rare Gases
Argon
Helium
Krypton
Neon
Xenon
Concluding Remarks
References
Data on Cross Sections—II. Diatomic Gases
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Molecular Hydrogen (H2)
Molecular Nitrogen
Molecular Oxygen (O2)
Nitric Oxide (NO)
Closing Remarks
References
Data on Cross Sections—III. Industrial Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Hydrocarbon Gases CxHy
Mercury Vapor
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ozone (O3)
Silane (SiH4)
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
Water Vapor (H2O)
Plasma Processing Gases
Other Gases
Concluding Remarks
References
Drift and Diffusion of Electrons—I
Definitions
Drift and Diffusion Measurement
Electron Energy Distribution
Approximate Methods
Data on Drift and Diffusion
References
Drift and Diffusion of Electrons—II: Complex Molecules
Current Pulse due to Avalanche
Arrival Time Spectrum Method
Hydrocarbon Gases
Nitrogen Compounds
Plasma Industrial Gases
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
Water Vapor (H2O and D2O)
Miscellaneous Gases
Concluding Remarks
References
Ionization Coefficients—I: Non-Electron-Attaching Gases
Discharge Development
Current Growth in Uniform Fields
Functional dependence of α/N on E/N
Space Charge Effects
Breakdown in Uniform Fields
Multiplication in Non-Uniform Fields
Recombination
Data on Ionization Coefficients
Molecular Gases (Non-Attaching)
Other Gases (Non-Attaching)
References
Ionization and Attachment Coefficients—II: Electron-Attaching Gases
Attachment Processes
Current Growth in Attaching Gases
Ionization and Attachment Coefficients
Concluding Remarks
References
High Voltage Phenomena
Types of Voltage
High Direct Voltage Generation
High Alternating Voltage Generation
High Impulse Voltage Generation
Ionization in Alternating Fields
Sparking Voltages
References
Ionization in E x B Fields
List of Symbols
Brief Historical Note
Electron Motion in Vacuum in E x B Fields
Effective Reduced Electric Field (EREF)
Experimental Setup
Ionization Coefficients
Experimental Data
Secondary Ionization Coefficient
Sparking Potentials
Time Lags in E x B Crossed Fields
Computational Methods
Effective Collision Frequency
Concluding Remarks
References
High Frequency Discharges
Basic Plasma Phenomena
Debye Length
Bohm Sheath Model
Plasma Frequency
Plasma Conductivity
Ambipolar Diffusion
RF Plasma
Power Absorbed
Microwave Breakdown
Laser Breakdown
Concluding Remark
References
Appendices
Index
Editorial Reviews
“… This book provides a single and concise source of particle cross sections, drift and diffusion values, and ionization levels. … presents the experimental techniques used to obtain various cross-sectional data. … presents a wealth of information and analysis on the cross-sectional areas for rare gases, complex molecules , various diatomics, and a few select hydrocarbons. There is also data on the diffusion coefficients and ionization and attachment coefficients. … all this data in one book [is] a huge advantage when searching for cross sections, … Researchers in the areas of gas breakdown, laser development, lighting, plasma processing, and other who need cross-sectional data on gas particles will find this to be an indispensable, current, must have reference book.”
— In IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 22, No. 6, November/December 2006
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