Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
Importance, Significance, and Limitations
Limitations of Thermodynamics
Mathematical Background
Overview of Microscopic Thermodynamics
Summary
Appendix
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Introduction
Integral and Differential Forms of Conservation Equations
Summary
Appendix
SECOND LAW AND ENTROPY
Introduction
Statements of the Second Law
Consequences of Second Law
Entropy Balance Equation for a Closed System
Entropy Evaluation
Local and Global Equilibrium
Single-Component Incompressible Fluids
Third Law
Entropy Balance Equation for an Open System
Maximum Entropy and Minimum Energy
Summary
Appendix
AVAILABILITY
Introduction
Optimum Work and Irreversibility in a Closed System
Availability Analyses for Closed Systems
Generalized Availability Analysis
Availability and Efficiency
Chemical Availability
Integral and Differential Forms
Summary
POSTULATORY (GIBBSIAN) THERMODYNAMICS
Introduction
Classical Rationale for Postulator Approach
Legendre Transform
Generalized Relation for all Work Modes
Thermodynamic Postulates for Simple Systems
Entropy Fundamental Equation
Energy Fundamental Equation
Intensive and Extensive Properties
Summary
STATE RELATIONSHIPS FOR REAL GASES AND LIQUIDS
Introduction
Equations of State
Real Gases
Summary
Appendix
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS
Introduction
Ideal Gas Properties
James Clark Maxwell (1831-1879) Relations
Generalized Relations
Evaluations of Thermodynamic Properties
Pizer Effect
Kesler Equation of State (KES) and Kesler Tables
Fugacity
Experiments to Measure (uO - u)
Vapor/Liquid Equilibrium Curve
Throttling Processes
Development of Thermodynamic Tables
Summary
THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES
Partial Molal Properties
Molal Properties Using the Equations of State
Summary
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM FOR A MIXTURE
Introduction
Simplified Criteria for Phase Equilibrium
Pressure and Temperature Diagrams
Dissolved Gases in Liquids
Deviations from Raoult's Law
Summary
Appendix
STABILITY
Introduction
Stability Criteria
Application to Boiling and Condensation
Entropy Generation During Irreversible Transformation
Spinodal Curves
Determination of Vapor Bubble and Drop Sizes
Universe and Stability
Summary
CHEMICALLY REACTIVE SYSTEMS
Introduction
Chemical Reactions and Combustion
Thermochemistry
First Law: Analyses for Chemically Reacting Systems
Combustion Analyses in the Case of Nonideal Behavior
Second Law Analysis of Chemically Reacting Systems
Mass Conservation and Mole Balance Equations
Summary
REACTION DIRECTION AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Introduction
Reaction Direction and Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Relations
Summary
Appendix
AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS FOR REACTING SYSTEMS
Introduction
Entropy Generation in Chemical Reactions
Availability
Summary
PROBLEMS
APPENDIX A TABLES
APPENDIX B CHARTS
APPENDIX C REFERENCES
INDEX