Bioassays with Arthropods, Second Edition
Features
Summary
Providing clear examples of the use of state-of-the-art computer programs for analyses of bioassay data, Bioassays with Arthropods, Second Edition explains the statistical basis and analysis for each kind of quantal response bioassay. The first edition was a must-have reference for designing, conducting, and interpreting bioassays: this completely revised and updated second edition is positioned to be the same.
New in the Second Edition:
· Includes new chapters on Natural Variation, Quarantine Statistics, Statistical Analysis of Data from Bioassays with Microbial Insecticides, and Pesticide Resistance
· Emphasizes estimation of natural variation in response as the necessary precursor for claims of pesticide resistance, varietal differences, and differences in microbial potency
· Expands the coverage of binary Quantal Response: Dose Number, Dose Selection, and Sample Size
· Discusses varietal testing of horticultural exports
· Introduces two Windows-based computer programs (PoloPlus and PoloEncore) for the analyses of binary and multiple response analyses, respectively
Building on the foundation set by the much-cited first edition, the authors clearly delineate applications and ideas that are exceptionally challenging for those not already familiar with their use. They lead you through the methods with such ease and organization, that you suddenly find yourself readily able to apply concepts that you never thought you would understand.
To order the Polo computer software described in Bioassays with Arthropods, Second Edition, use the order form found at www.leorasoftware.com or contact theLeOra Software Company at .
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
QUANTAL RESPONSE BIOASSAYS
Types of Quantal Response Bioassays
Experimental Design of Bioassays
Computer Programs
BINARY QUANTAL RESPONSE WITH ONE EXPLANATORY VARIABLE
Terminology and General Statistical Model
Statistical Methods
BINARY QUANTAL RESPONSE: DATA ANALYSES
PoloPlus
ISAS
R and SPlus
BINARY QUANTAL RESPONSE: DOSE NUMBER, DOSE SELECTION, AND SAMPLE SIZE
PoloDose
Basic Binary Bioassays
Specialized Binary Bioassays
Practical Considerations
Reality Checklist for Bioassays
NATURAL VARIATION IN RESPONSE
Definition
Statistical Boundaries of Natural Variation
Levels of Variation
QUARANTINE STATISTICS
Tolerance Distributions in Quarantine Security
Ecological Approaches to Quarantine Security: Risk
Conclusions
STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF DATA FROM BIOASSAYS WITH MICROBIAL PRODUCTS
Biological Units and Standards
A Revised Definition of Relative Potency
Effects of Natural Variation on Product Quality
Conclusions
PESTICIDE RESISTANCE
Resistance Defined
Natural Variation versus Resistance
Use of Bioassays to Separate Populations and Strains
Statistical Models of Modes of Resistance Inheritance
Mixtures
Independent, Uncorrelated Joint Action of Pesticide Mixtures
Similar (Additive) Joint Action
Other Theoretical Hypotheses of Joint Action of Pesticides
Synergists
Conclusions
TIME AS A VARIABLE
Purposes of Studies Involving Time
Sampling Designs
Analysis of Independent Time-Mortality Data
Analysis of Serial Time-Mortality Data
Conclusions
BINARY QUANTAL RESPONSE WITH MULTIPLE EXPLANATORY VARIABLES
Early Examples and Inefficient Alternatives
A General Statistical Model
Types of Variables in Multiple Regression Models
Computer Programs
Multiple Probit Analysis: An Example from PoloEncore
Multiple Logit Analysis: Sample of Analysis with GLIM
Conclusions
MULTIPLE EXPLANATORY VARIABLES: BODY WEIGHT
Effects of Erroneous Assumptions about Body Weight
Testing the Hypothesis of Proportional Response
When Body Weight Is a Significant Independent Variable
Standardized Bioassay Techniques Involving Weight
Conclusions
POLYTOMOUS (MULTINOMIAL) QUANTAL RESPONSE
Example
The Multinomial Logit Model
Conclusions
IMPROVING PREDICTION BASED ON DOSE-RESPONSE BIOASSAYS
Each chapter concludes with references
Editorial Reviews
"When the first edition of this book was published in 1992, senior entomologists and students alike breathed a sigh of relief. Suddenly, we had a reference written in tractable language and relatively free of Greek symbols, or mathematical coding that sends many students of biological sciences into immediate mental block. In addition, now we had sensible, down to earth interpretations of POLO inputs and outputs. Even better for the non-mathematical or statistically inclined, their questions concerning how many doses, how many replicates, or how many insects to use in the design of their bioassay experiments, were answered in comprehensible language. …I very much look forward to the second edition.”
— Susan P Worner, Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, Lincoln University, NEW ZEALAND
“This small volume is a bible for those who design and/or conduct and interpret bioassays. …There are statistical formulae and excellent discussions of Probit, Logit, and goodness-of-fit tests. This is a must for anyone doing bioassays or for interpreting bioassay data.”
— Florence V. Dunkel, Montana State University
“There are not too many people who can write such a book and do justice to the statistics like these authors can.”
— Thomas A. Miller, University of California, Riverside
"… an excellent reference and guide for use in designing, conducting, and analyzing a wide variety of bioassays. … Additions to the second edition include chapters on natural variation, quarantine statistics, microbial insecticide testing, and pesticide resistance. Many topics and discussions also have been expanded throughout the second edition. Another important and noteworthy revision is that much of the text is geared towards POLOPLUS ™, which is an analytical software package developed and marketed by the co-authors. Other proprietary software described in the book includes PoloMix™ and PoloEncore™. … In conclusion, Bioassays with Arthropods is an excellent desktop reference and guide for use in designing, conducting, and analyzing a wide variety of bioassays that investigate a wide variety of chemistries and simulated environmental treatments. The book has utility for everyone from the beginning graduate student to the seasoned professional researcher. Additionally, this reviewer further recommends the book as a very suitable companion book for courses specifically dealing with arthropod toxicology and pest management science."
—M. E. Scharf, Entomology & Nematology Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, in Florida Entomologist 91(3), Sept. 2008
"… this book has an expanded scope. … this one adds a sense of humor. The text does a good job of introducing the basic concepts of toxicity testing."
— Glenn Suter in Integrated Environmental 4(2) 2008
"… not only tremendously informative, but also a pleasure to read. … the reader is provided not only with the correct design but also statistical equations with clear explanations of their meaning. The authors also provide guidance on the use of LeOra Software, including PoloPlus, PoloMix, PoloDose, and PoloEncore, for straightforward, user-friendly statistical analysis. It is this step-by-step process throughout the book that is so helpful in tying all of these complex topics together into a story that is fun to read. … a wonderful reference text for both beginning and experienced researchers."
—Denny Bruck, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-DARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, in Journal of Economic Entomology, February 2009
