Table of Contents

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Flowsheet Symbols and P&I Diagrams
Functional Diagrams and Function Symbols
Instrument Terminology and Performance
System Accuracy
Uncertainty Calculations
Configuring Intelligent Devices
Instrument Installation
Instrument Calibration
Response Time and Drift Testing
Redundant and Voting Systems
Instrument Evaluation
Binary Logic Diagrams

FLOW MEASUREMENT
Application and Selection
Anemometers
BTU Flowmeters for Heat Exchangers
BTU Flowmeters for Gaseous Fuels
Cross-Correlation Flow Metering
Elbow Taps
Flow Switches
Jet Deflection Flow Detectors
Laminar Flowmeters
Magnetic Flowmeters
Mass Flowmeters, Coriolis
Mass Flowmeters-Miscellaneous
Mass Flowmeters-Thermal
Metering Pumps
Orifices
Pitot Tubes and Area Averaging Units
Polyphase (Oil/Water/Gas) Flowmeters
Positive-Displacement Gas Flowmeters
Positive-Displacement Liquid Meters and Provers
Purge Flow Regulators
Segmental Wedge Flowmeter
Sight Flow Indicators
Solids Flowmeters and Feeders
Target Meters
Turbine and Other Rotary Element Flowmeters
Ultrasonic Flowmeters
Variable-Area, Gap, and Vane Flowmeters
V-Cone Flowmeter
Venturi Tubes, Flow Tubes, and Flow Nozzles
Vortex and Fluidic Flowmeters
Weirs and Flumes

LEVEL MEASUREMENT
Application and Selection
Bubblers
Capacitance and Radio Frequency (RF) Admittance Probes
Conductivity and Field Effect Level Switches
Diaphragm Level Detectors
Differential Pressure Level Detectors
Displacer Level Detectors
Float Level Devices
Laser Level Sensors
Level Gauges, Including Magnetic
Microwave Level Switches
Optical Level Devices
Radar, Noncontacting Level Sensors
Radar, Contact Level Sensors (TDR, GWR, PDS)
Radiation Level Sensors
Resistance Tapes
Rotating Paddle Switches
Tank Gauges Including Float-Type Tape Gauges
Thermal Level Sensors
Time Domain Reflectometry and Phase Difference Sensors
Ultrasonic Level Detectors
Vibrating Level Switches

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Application and Selection
Bimetallic Thermometers
Calibrators and Simulators
Color Indicators, Crayons, Pellets
Fiber-Optic Thermometers
Filled-Bulb and Glass-Stem Thermometers
Integrated Circuitry (IC) Transistors and Diodes
Miscellaneous Temperature Sensors
Pneumatic and Suction Pyrometers
Pyrometric Cones
Radiation and Infrared Pyrometers
Quartz Crystal Thermometry
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)
Temperature Switches and Thermostats
Thermistors
Thermocouples
Thermowells
Ultrasonic Thermometers

PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Selection and Application
Accessories: Seals, Snubbers, Calibrators, and Manifolds
Bellows-Type Pressure Sensors
Bourdon and Helical Pressure Sensors
Diaphragm or Capsule-Type Sensors
Differential Pressure Instruments
Electronic Pressure Sensors
High-Pressure Sensors
Manometers Multiple Pressure Scanners
Multiple Pressure Scanners
Pressure Gauges
Pressure Repeaters
Pressure and Differential Pressure Switches
Vacuum Sensors

DENSITY MEASUREMENT
Density: Applications and Selection
Displacement- and Float-Type Densitometers
Hydrometers
Hydrostatic Densitometers
Oscillating Coriolis Densitometer (Gas, Liquid, and Slurry Services)
Radiation Densitometers
Ultrasonic Sludge and Slurry Densitometers
Liquid/Slurry/Gas Density-Vibrating Densitometers
Weight-Based and Miscellaneous Densitometers
Gas Densitometers

SAFETY AND MISCELLANEOUS SENSORS
Boroscopes
Electrical and Intrinsic Safety
Electrical Meters and Sensors
Energy Management Devices (Peak Load Shedding)
Excess Flow and Regular Check Valves
Explosion Suppression and Deluge Systems
Flame Arresters, Conservation Vents, and Emergency Vents
Flame, Fire, and Smoke Detectors
Leak Detectors
Linear and Angular Position Detection
Machine Vision Technology
Metal Detectors
Noise Sensors
Proximity Sensors and Limit Switches
Relief Valves-Determination of Required Capacity
Relief Valves-Sizing, Specification, and Installation
Rupture Discs
Soft Sensors
Tachometers and Angular Speed Detectors
Thickness and Dimension Measurement
Torque and Force Transducers
Vibration, Shock, and Acceleration
Weather Stations
Weighing Systems: General Considerations
Weight Sensors

ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Analyzer Application and Selection
Analyzer Sampling: Process Samples
Analyzer Sampling: Stack Particulates
Analyzers Operating on Electrochemical Principles
Air Quality Monitoring
Biometers
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and Total Oxygen Demand
Calorimeters
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Chlorine
Chromatographs: Gas
Chromatographs: Liquid
Coal Analyzers
Colorimeters
Combustibles
Conductivity Analyzers
Consistency Analyzers
Corrosion Monitoring
Differential Vapor Pressure Sensor
Dioxin Analysis
Elemental Monitors
Fiber-Optic Probes
Fluoride Analyzers
Hydrocarbon Analyzers
Hydrogen Sulfide
Infrared Analyzers
Ion-Selective Electrodes
Mass Spectrometers
Mercury in Air
Mercury in Water
Moisture in Air: Humidity and Dew Point
Moisture in Gases and Liquids
Moisture in Solids
Molecular Weight
Nitrate, Ammonia, and Total Nitrogen
Nitrogen Oxide Analyzers
Odor Detection
Oil in or on Water
Open Path Spectrometry
Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
Oxygen in Gases
Oxygen in Liquids (Dissolved Oxygen)
Ozone in Gas
Ozone in Water
Particulates, Opacity, Dust, and Smoke
Particle Size and Distribution Monitors
pH Measurement
Phosphorus Analyzer
Physical Properties Analyzers - ASTM Methods
Raman Analyzers
Refractometers
Rheometers
Streaming Current or Particle Charge Analyzer
Sulfur-in-Oil Analyzers
Sulfur Oxide Analyzers
Thermal Conductivity Detectors
Total Carbon Analyzers
Toxic Gas Monitoring
Turbidity, Sludge, and Suspended Solids
Ultraviolet and Visible Analyzers
Viscometers-Application and Selection
Viscometers-Laboratory
Viscometers-Industrial
Water Quality Monitoring
Wet Chemistry and Autotitrator Analyzers

APPENDIX
International System of Units
Engineering Conversion Factors
Chemical Resistance of Materials
Composition of Metallic and Other Materials
Steam and Water Tables
Friction Loss in Pipes
Tank Volumes
Directory of "Lost" Companies

INDEX