Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis

Series:
Biomedical Engineering
Published:
September 26, 2001 by CRC Press - 544 Pages
Author(s):
Robert B. Northrop, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA

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Hardback
$189.95
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ISBN 9780849309618
Cat# 0961
 

Features

  • Provides the first comprehensive coverage of non-invasive medical instrumentation and measurements
  • Covers the latest techniques and technologies, including DNA biochips, SPR, and optical coherence tomography (OCT)
  • Takes an analytical, quantitative approach in its descriptions of instrument components and in every case, considers the relation of the parameters measured to physiological systems and health
  • Includes numerous illustrations of actual instruments

    • Summary

    Noninvasive medical diagnosis (NIMD) is as old as medical practice itself. From the earliest healers' observations of odors, skin color, and breath sounds to today's wealth of technologies, the basics remain the same and keep the role of NIMD essential to effective medical care.

    Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis is the first book dedicated to NIMD tools and techniques. Featuring emerging technologies along with traditional instruments, it describes how these non-invasive tools and techniques work and explores developments that will make NIMD simpler, more reliable, less expensive, and risk-free. Much of the material is descriptive, but the author includes rigorous mathematical analysis where appropriate. The treatment is readily accessible to readers with a background in basic algebra and ordinary differential equations, basic circuit theory, and concepts such as frequency response and transient response of linear systems.

    The rapid evolution of biomedical instrumentation has meant that books just five years old are already outdated. Whether used for an upper-level, biomedical engineering class or as a reference for medical students, healthcare professional, physicists, or physiologists, Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis stands alone in presenting the state of NIMD art and science.

    Table of Contents

    INTRODUCTION TO NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT
    Definition of Non-Invasive Measurement, Minimally Invasive Measurements
    Modalities of NI Instrumentation
    VISUAL INSPECTION OF TISSUES WITH ENDOSCOPES AND OTHER OPTICAL DEVICES
    Ophthalmoscopes, Slit Lamps, and Otoscopes
    Endoscopes
    CCD Cameras
    Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Skin Lesions
    NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS USING SOUNDS FROM WITHIN THE BODY
    Means of Analysis for Acoustic Signals
    Heart Sounds
    Breath Sounds
    Otoacoustic Emissions
    MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS FROM THE BODY SURFACE
    Electrodes
    Biopotential Amplifiers
    The ECG
    The Electomyogram (EMG)
    The Electroencephalogram (EEG)
    OTHER BODY SURFACE POTENTIALS
    The Electroculogram (EOG)
    The Electroretinogram (ERG)
    The Electrocochleogram (EcoG)
    Discussion
    THE MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAM (MEG)
    The SQUID and SQUID Arrays
    Other BioMagnetic Measurements
    NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE
    The Cuff Sphygmomanometer
    Other Means of Estimating Blood Pressure Non-Invasively
    BODY TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
    Conductive Heat Transfer and Thermometer Response Time
    The LIT Blackbody Thermometer
    NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GAS SENSING WITH ELECTRODES
    Transcutaneous O2 Sensing
    Transcutaneous CO2 Sensing
    TESTS ON NATURALLY-VOIDED BODY FLUIDS
    Instrumental Methods
    What Can Be Learned from Urine
    What Can Be Learned from Feces
    What Can Be Learned from Saliva
    What Can Be Learned from the Breath
    PLETHYSMOGRAPH
    Volume Displacement Plethysmography
    Impedance Plethysmography
    Photo-Plethysmography
    PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
    Spirometers and Related Equipment
    Tests with Spirometers
    MEASUREMENT OF BASAL METABOLISM
    The BMR Test Procedures
    OCULAR TONOMETRY
    The No-Touch, Air Puff Tonometer
    Contact Tonometers
    NI TESTS INVOLVING THE INPUT OF AUDIBLE SOUND ENERGY
    Zac Measurements of the Respiratory System (RAIMS)
    Zac Measurements of the Eardrum (Tympanometry)
    Trans-Thoracic Acoustic Transfer Function: a Possible Measure of Lung Condition
    NI TESTS USING ULTRASOUND (Excluding Imaging)
    The Doppler Effect
    Reflected Doppler Ultrasound for Blood and Tissue Velocity Measurements
    A No Touch Ocular Pulse Measurement System (NOTOPM)
    The Constant-Phase, Closed-Loop, Type-1, Ranging System
    Measurement of Tissue Glucose Concentration by Closed-Loop, Constant-Phase, CW Ultrasound (A Prototype System)
    NI APPLICATIONS OF PHOTON RADIATION (EXCLUDING IMAGING)
    Bone Densitometry
    Non-Invasive Diagnosis by Tissue Fluorescence
    Optical Interferometric Measurement of Nanometer Displacements of Biological Surfaces
    Laser Doppler Velocimetry
    Transcutaneous IR Spectroscopy
    Estimation of Blood Glucose for NI Measurement of Optical Rotation of the Aqueous Humor: A Prototype Instrument
    Pulse Oximetry
    Non-Invasive Measurement of Certain Biomolecules by Raman Spectroscopy
    A SURVEY OF MEDICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS
    X-Rays
    Tomography
    Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
    Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT)
    Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
    Ultrasound Imaging
    Other Imaging Modalities
    FUTURE TRENDS IN NI MEASUREMENTS AND DIAGNOSIS
    NI Chemical Tests for Cancer not Involving DNA
    Fluorescence Tests for Biomolecules: FISH and SKY
    The SpectraCube® System
    The DNA Microarray
    BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

    Each section also includes an introduction and a chapter summary.

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