Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies
Features
Summary
In addition to enabling a clean and energy efficient future, alternative fuel sources are fast becoming a necessity for meeting today's growing demands for low-cost and convenient energy. The Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies offers a thorough guide to the science and available technologies for developing alternatives to petroleum fuel sources and petrochemical feedstocks.
This handbook focuses on the different intermediates and raw material options that can generate energy output and products equivalent to conventional petroleum sources. It presents short-term options for clean alternative energy sources that complement the development of long-term sustainable energy infrastructures. Detailing the chemical processes for each technology, the text assesses the environmental impact, benefits, and performance of the various processes and fuel products. It also summarizes processing and transportation issues, safety concerns, regulations, and other practical considerations associated with alternative fuels.
After presenting a global energy overview, the book describes clean and alternative methods of producing liquid fuels, crude oil, syngas, and methanol from coal, coal slurry, natural gas, resids, oil sand bitumen, and oil shale. It details the chemical reaction mechanisms, biological processes, and unit operations for converting corn, lignocellulosic materials, and biomass into alcoholic fuels. It also covers the processes and thermodynamics of converting various waste materials into energy. The final chapters discuss the science, benefits, and applications of geothermal energy, nuclear energy, and fuel cells.
Blending up-to-date technical information with current trend analyses and feasible implementation strategies, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies provides an ideal foundation for scientists, engineers, and policymakers interested in developing alternative energy sources.
Table of Contents
GLOBAL ENERGY OVERVIEW; S. Lee
World Energy Consumption
The U.S. Energy Consumption
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
Nuclear Energy
Renewable Energy
GASIFICATION OF COAL; S. Lee
Syngas Classification Based on Its Heating Value
Coal Gasification Reactions
Syngas Generation via Coal Gasification
Mathematical Modeling of Coal Gasifiers
Future of Coal Gasification
CLEAN LIQUID FUELS FROM COAL; S. Lee
Coal Pyrolysis for Liquid Fuel
Direct Liquefaction of Coal
Indirect Liquefaction of Coal
Coal/Oil Co-processing
COAL SLURRY FUEL; S. Lee
Coal Slurry Characterization
Coal-Water Slurry
Coal-Oil Slurry
Advanced Transportation of Coal Slurry
Environmental Issues
Combustion
Recent Advances and Future
LIQUID FUELS FROM NATURAL GAS; J.G. Speight
Occurrence and Resources
Composition
Natural Gas Liquids
Conversion of Natural Gas to Liquids
The Future
RESIDS; J.G. Speight
Resid Production
Properties
Composition
Use of Data
Resid Conversion
LIQUID FUELS FROM OIL SAND; J.G. Speight
Occurrence and Reserves
Bitumen Properties
Bitumen Recovery
Liquid Fuels from Oil Sand
SHALE OIL FROM OIL SHALE; S. Lee
Oil Shale as Synthetic Fuel Source
Constraints in Commercial Production of Shale Oil
Research and Development Needs in Oil Shale
Properties of Oil Shale and Shale Oil
Oil Shale Extraction and Retorting Processes
METHANOL SYNTHESIS FROM SYNGAS; S. Lee
Chemistry of Methanol Synthesis
Methanol Synthesis Technology
Future of Methanol
ETHANOL FROM CORN; S. Lee
Fuel Ethanol from Corn
Ethanol as Oxygenated Fuel
Chemistry of Ethanol Fermentation
Corn-to-Ethanol Process Technology
Ethanol as Transportation Fuel
Ethanol Vehicles
Use of Ethanol as Other Than Renewable Fuel
ETHANOL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSICS; S. Lee
Agricultural Lignocellulosic Feedstocks
Ethanol Extraction during Fermentation
Lignin Conversion
Co-Products
Energy Balance for Ethanol Production from Biomass
Process Economics and Strategic Direction
ENERGY FROM BIOMASS CONVERSION; S. Lee
Thermal Conversion
Biological Conversion: Anaerobic Digestion
ENERGY GENERATION FROM WASTE SOURCES; S. Lee
Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Wastes (MSWs)
Energy Generation from Polymeric Wastes
Fuel Production from Spent Tires
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY; S. Lee and H.B. Lanterman
Geothermal Energy as Renewable Energy
History of Geothermal Energy Developments
Geothermal Processes and Applications
Scientific and Technological Developments
Conclusion
NUCLEAR ENERGY; S.K. Loyalka
Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Reactor Physics
Electricity Generation from Nuclear Reactors
Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Types of Reactors
Public Concerns of Safety and Health
Nuclear Fusion
FUEL CELLS; M.F. Ion and S.K. Loyalka
Basic Concepts
Fuel Cell System
Low Temperature Fuel Cells
High Temperature Fuel Cells
Hydrogen Production and Storage
Current Performances
Research and Development Issues
Index
