Table of Contents

Preface. List of principal symbols. Why is flow imaging needed?: The problem of flow measurement; The importance of multi-component flow measurement; Terminology; Two-component flow measurement: the basic problem; Conventional methods of two-component flow measurement; Component velocity measurement; Component concentration measurement; Direct mass flow measurement; The flow imaging method of two-component flow measurement; The basic subsystems for flow imaging; The need for a systematic approach to design; Summary. Two-phase fluid dynamics: Introduction; Categories of flow images; Overview of two-phase phenomena; Macroscale flow phenomena; Method for predicting flow regime transition for gas/liquid systems; Microscale structure; Mathematical modelling of two-phase flow; Summary. Sensing techniques: Introduction; Classification of sensors; Measurement for flow imaging; Capacitance sensors - a major case study; Electrical impedance tomography for flow imaging of conducting fluids - an outline; Ultrasonic sensors - an outline; Summary. Image reconstruction: Introduction; Basic principles of image reconstruction; Two-component flow image reconstruction using a two-projection knowledge-based reconstruction algorithm; Reconstruction algorithm - capacitive impedance sensing technique; Reconstruction algorithms - resistive impedance sensing technique; Reconstruction algorithms - ultrasonic flow imaging; Summary. Image display and interpretation: Introduction; The need for image processing; Image presentation; The grey level histogram; Enhancement of an image using filtering techniques; The thresholding technique; Shrinking and expansion techniques; Measurements on objects in the image; Detection of all objects within the image frame; Blurring of images caused by backprojection; Summary. Applications: Introduction; Electrical capacitance tomography - performance parameters; Electrical capacitance tomography for imaging gas/solids flows in pneumatic conveyers; Electrical capacitance tomography for imaging gas flow in fluidized beds; Flow regime identification using electrical capacitance tomography sensing systems; Electrical resistance tomography for measuring transient concentration profiles; Summary. The future: The need for action; The new trends. References. Index.