1st Edition

Constitutive Models for Rubber VII

Edited By Stephen Jerrams, Niall Murphy Copyright 2011
    474 Pages
    by CRC Press

    474 Pages
    by CRC Press

    All aspects of our lives, industry, health, travel and leisure, are utterly reliant on rubber materials, yet typically this notion rarely occurs to us. Increasingly, greater demands are made on elastomeric compounds and we seek elevated performance in terms of improved physical and chemical properties. In particular, we have come to expect rubber components (tyres, vibration isolators, seals etc) to exhibit exceptional wear and fatigue resistance, often at elevated temperatures. Unsurprisingly then, the emphasis in characterising isochoric materials has shifted significantly away from understanding and modelling hyperelastic material behaviour, to a position where we can confi dently design and manufacture rubber components having the functionality and resilience to meet the dynamic loading and harsh environmental conditions that are prevalent today.

    In consequence, state-of-the-art technology in terms of dynamic response and fatigue resistance are strongly represented here along with numerous insights into advanced elastomers used in novel applications.

    This development is not at the expense of research devoted to current test procedures and the constitutive equations and algorithms that underpin finite element methods. As a result, Constitutive Models for Rubber VII is not only essential reading for undergraduates, postgraduates, academics and researchers working in the discipline, but also for all those designers and engineers involved in the improvement of machines and devices by introducing new and novel elastomers possessing elevated properties.

    Foreword

    Sponsors

    Invited papers

    Unravelling the mysteries of cyclic deformation in thermoplastic elastomers, C.P. Buckley, D.S.A. De Focatiis & C. Prisacariu

    The role of glassy-like polymer bridges in rubber reinforcement, M. Klüppel, H. Lorenz, M. Möwes, D Steinhauser & J. Fritzsche

    Elastic instabilities in rubber, A.N. Gent

    Mechanical characterization of rubber – Novel approaches

    Strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber subjected to biaxial loading conditions as revealed by X-ray diffraction, S. Beurrot, B. Huneau & E. Verron

    Effects of strain field and strain history on the natural rubber matrix, K. Bruening & K. Schneider

    Parameter identification based on multiple inhomogeneous experiments of practical relevance, D. Schellenberg, D. Juhre & J. Ihlemann

    New insights about strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber thanks to in situ X-rays measurements during uniaxial cyclic deformation at high velocity, N. Candau, C. Gauthier, L. Chazeau & J.-M. Chenal

    Application of full-field measurements and numerical simulations to analyze the thermo-mechanical response of a three-branch rubber specimen, X. Balandraud, E. Toussaint, J.-B. Le Cam, M. Grédiac, R. Behnke & M. Kaliske

    Effect of thermal cycles on the kinematic field measurement at the crack tip of crystallizable natural rubber, E. Toussaint & J.-B. Le Cam

    Processing heterogeneous strain fields with the virtual fields method: A new route for the mechanical characterization of elastomeric materials, N. Promma, B. Raka, M. Grédiac, E. Toussaint, J.-B. Le Cam, X. Balandraud & F. Hild

    Energy losses at small strains in filled rubbers, L.B. Tunnicliffe, A.G. Thomas & J.J.C. Busfield

    The mechanism of fatigue crack growth in rubbers under severe loading: The effect of stress-induced crystallization, J.-B. Le Cam & E. Toussaint

    Influence of thermal ageing on mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber, I. Petrikova, B. Marvalova & P.T. Nhan

    Modelling and simulation

    An extended tube model for thermo-viscoelasticity of rubberlike materials: Theory and numerical implementation, R. Behnke, H. Dal & M. Kaliske

    Characterization and identification of the memory decay rates of carbon black-filled rubber, J. Ciambella, A. Paolone & S. Vidoli

    Theoretical and numerical modelling of unvulcanized rubber, H. Dal, M. Kaliske & C. Zopf

    Thermomechanical material behaviour within the concept of representative directions, C. Naumann & J. Ihlemann

    Chemical ageing of elastomers: Experiments and modelling, M. Johlitz, J. Retka &A. Lion

    A stable hyperelastic model for foamed rubber, M.W. Lewis & P. Rangaswamy

    Simulation of self-organization processes in filled rubber considering thermal agitation, H.Wulf & J. Ihlemann

    On finite strain models for nano-filled glassy polymers, M. Hossain, P. Steinmann &A.R. Sanchez

    Aspects of crack propagation in small and finite strain continua, M. Kaliske, K. Özenç & H. Dal

    Testing, modelling and validation of numerical model capable of predicting stress fields throughout polyurethane foam, C. Briody, B. Duignan & S. Jerrams

    Comparison of two different approaches to predict rubber response at different strain rates, J.-C. Petiteau, E. Verron, R. Othman, H. Le Sourne, J.-F. Sigrist & B. Auroire

    Numerical analysis of the heterogeneous ageing of rubber products, L. Steinke, U.Weltin, M. Flamm, A. Lion & M. Celina

    Proposal of an orthotropic hyperelastic model for fiber-reinforced rubber in the electric generator, A. Matsuda & K. Nakahara

    A thermo-chemo-mechanical coupled formulation, application to filled rubber, T.A. Nguyen Van, S. Lejeunes, D. Eyheramendy &A. Boukamel

    Microstructural analysis of carbon black filled rubbers by atomic force microscopy and computer simulation techniques, I.A. Morozov, B. Lauke & G. Heinrich

    Identification of local constitutive model from micro-indentation testing, Y. Marco, V. Le Saux, G. Bles, S. Calloch & P. Charrier

    Damage mechanisms in elastomers

    A new approach to characterize the onset tearing in rubber, K. Sakulkaew, A.G. Thomas & J.J.C. Busfield

    Damage variables for the life-time prediction of rubber components, V. Mehling, H. Baaser &T. Hans

    Formation of crust on natural rubber after ageing, S. Kamaruddin, P.-Y. Le Gac, Y. Marco &A.H. Muhr

    Contribution of accurate thermal measurements to the characterization of the thermo-mechanical properties of rubber-like materials, V. Le Saux, Y. Marco, S. Calloch & P. Charrier

    Nano- to macro-scale modeling of damage in filled elastomers, R. Dargazany & M. Itskov

    Influence of strain induced crystallization on the mechanical behaviour of natural rubbers, E.A. Poshtan, R. Dargazany & M. Itskov

    Tear rotation in reinforced natural rubber, B. Gabrielle, A. Vieyres, O. Sanseau, L. Vanel, D. Long, P. Sotta & P.-A. Albouy

    Stress softening and related phenomena

    Modelling Mullins and cyclic stress-softening in filled rubbers, J. Diani, Y. Merckel & M. Brieu

    Modelling of the Payne effect using a 3-d generalization technique for the finite element method, M. Freund, J. Ihlemann & M. Rabkin

    Electromechanical hysteresis in filled elastomers, D.S.A. De Focatiis, D. Hull &A. Sánchez-Valencia

    Effect of the strain amplitude and the temperature on the viscoelastic properties of rubbers under fatigue loading, P. Garnier, J.-B. Le Cam & M. Grédiac

    Effect of material and mechanical parameters on the stress-softening of carbon-black filled rubbers submitted to cyclic loadings, Y. Merckel, M. Brieu, J. Diani & D. Berghezan

    From the experimental determination of stress-strain full fields during a bulge test thanks to 3D-DIC technique to the characterization of anisotropic Mullins effect, G. Machado, D. Favier & G. Chagnon

    A new isotropic hyperelastic strain energy function in terms of invariants and its derivation into a pseudo-elastic model for Mullins effect: Application to finite element analysis, L. Gornet, G. Marckmann, R. Desmorat & P. Charrier

    The Mullins effect, S.R. Rickaby & N.H. Scott

    Design and applications

    Evaluation of magneto-rheological elastomers for spacecrafts, G. Aridon, T. Lindroos & J. Keinänen

    Coupling between diffusion of biodiesel and large deformation in rubber: Effect on the mechanical response under cyclic loading conditions, A. Andriyana, A.B. Chai, E. Verron, M.R. Johan &A.S.M.A. Haseeb

    Characterization and numerical study of rubber under fast depressurization, J. Jaravel, S. Castagnet, J.C. Grandidier, G. Benoit & M. Gueguen

    Fatigue peeling of rubber, T.L.M. Baumard, A.G. Thomas,W. Ding & J.J.C. Busfield

    Elastomer prediction method for space applications, P. Camarasa

    Structural optimization of a rubber bushing for automotive suspension, G. Previati, M. Kaliske, M. Gobbi & G. Mastinu

    Optimisation and characterisation of magnetorheological elastomers, J. McIntyre, S. Jerrams, T. Steinke, A. Maslak, P.Wagner, M. Möwes, T. Alshuth & R. Schuster

    Marine ageing of polychloroprene rubber: Validation of accelerated protocols and static failure criteria by comparison to a 23 year old offshore export line, V. Le Saux, Y. Marco, S. Calloch & P.-Y. Le Gac

    Nanomechanics of rubber for fuel efficient tyres, K. Akutagawa, S. Hamatani & H. Kadowaki

    Fatigue and time dependent behaviour

    Definition and use of an effective flaw size for the simulation of elastomer fatigue, F. Abraham

    Determination of effective flaw size for fatigue life predictions, J.G.R. Kingston &A.H. Muhr

    Fatigue crack growth dynamics in filled natural rubber, L. Vanel, L. Munoz, O. Sanseau, P. Sotta, D. Long, L. Odoni & L. Guy

    Heat build-up and micro-tomography measurements used to describe the fatigue mechanisms and to evaluate the fatigue lifetime of elastomers, Y. Marco, V. Le Saux, S. Calloch & P. Charrier

    In-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber during fatigue tests, S. Beurrot, B. Huneau, E. Verron, P. Rublon, D. Thiaudière, C. Mocuta &A. Zozulya

    The influence of inelasticity on the lifetime of filled elastomers under multiaxial loading conditions, D. Juhre, M. Doniga-Crivat & J. Ihlemann

    Time-dependence of fracture behaviour of carbon black filled natural rubber, M. Boggio, C. Merano & M. Rink

    Investigations regarding environmental effects on fatigue life of natural rubber, J. Spreckels, U.Weltin, M. Flamm, T. Steinweger &T. Brüger

    Potentials of FEA-simulation for elastomer stress softening in engineering practice, J. Präffcke & F. Abraham

    On the influence of heat ageing on filled NR for automotive AVS applications, P. Charrier, Y. Marco, V. Le Saux & R.K.P.S. Ranawerra

    Test methods and analytical techniques

    Development of an experimental device to investigate mechanical response of rubber under simultaneous diffusion and large strain compression, A.B. Chai, A. Andriyana, E. Verron, M.R. Johan &A.S.M.A. Haseeb

    Determination of the behaviour of rubber components under hydrostatic pressure, M. Stommel & J. Zimmerman

    Creating a uniform magnetic field for the equi-biaxial physical testing of magnetorheological elastomers; electromagnet design, development and testing, D. Gorman, S. Jerrams, R. Ekins & N. Murphy

    A method of real-time bi-axial strain control in fatigue testing of elastomers, N. Murphy, J. Hanley & S. Jerrams

    Measurement and simulation of a jumping rubber ball, H. Baaser, G. Hohmann, C. Wrana & J. Kroll

    Swelling of bent rubber strips and recovery when the stresses are removed, A.N. Gent & C. Nah

    Experimental determination of mechanical properties of elastomeric composites reinforced by textiles made of SMA wires and numerical modelling of their behaviour, B. Marvalova, J. Kafka, J. Vlach & L. Heller

    Simple shearing of soft biomaterials, C.O. Horgan & J.G. Murphy

    Three-dimensional carbon black aggregate reconstruction from two orthogonal TEM images, J. López-de-Uralde, M. Salazar, A. Santamaría, A. Zubillaga, P.G. Bringas, T. Guraya, A. Okariz, E. Gómez & Z. Saghi

    Finite element analysis and design of rubber specimen for mechanical test, C.S.Woo,W.D. Kim & H.S. Park

    A new machine for accurate fatigue and crack growth analysis of rubber compounds, A. Favier

    Biaxial fracture testing of rubber compounds, F. Caimmi, R. Calabrò, C. Marano & M. Rink

    Dynamic analysis and test investigation on rubber anti-vibration component, R.K. Luo,W.J. Mortel, S. Sewell, D. Moore & J. Lake

    Author index

    Biography

    Stephen Jerrams, Niall Murphy