Features Provides practical expertise and a theoretical basis for site-specific selection and applicationCovers all nine families of porous pavement materials in a single reference: porous aggregate, porous turf, plastic geocells, open-jointed blocks, open-celled grids, porous concrete, porous asphalt, "soft" pavement materials, and decksComplements basic training in site design, site drainage, construction materials, and horticulture with the special concepts involving porous pavement materialsIncludes 310 construction diagrams, photographs, and performance chartsOffers the tools necessary for appropriate, informed, beneficial, and successful application of porous pavements
Summary Pavements are the most ubiquitous of all man-made structures, and they have an enormous impact on environmental quality. They are responsible for hydrocarbon pollutants, excess runoff, groundwater decline and the resulting local water shortages, temperature increases in the urban "heat island," and for the ability of trees to extend their roots in order to live. Porous pavements, despite their ability to mitigate these factors, remain the object of much skepticism and controversy. Written by a renowned expert with 25 years of experience in urban watershed management, Porous Pavements is the first comprehensive "encyclopedia" of porous pavement materials. The book begins with five chapters that lay a foundation for all porous pavement materials and applications, introducing the types of materials and arrangements, their roles in the urban environment, and the principles of pavement structure, hydrology, and rooting space. The following nine chapters outline the costs, maintenance requirements, advantages and disadvantages for different applications, installation methods, sources of standard specifications, and performance levels for each family of porous pavement materials. Relying on case studies and factual data from observed experience, and containing abundant references for further information, Porous Pavements gives responsible practitioners a complete toolbox from which to select the appropriate material for site-specific conditions, providing a "green" alternative to impervious pavements.
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PREFACE WHY MAKE PAVEMENTS POROUS The Magnitude of Pavements in America Where Not to Make Pavements Porous The Promise of Clean Water The Promise of Long-Lived Trees The Promise of Cool Cities The Promise of Safe Driving The Promise of Reducing Cost The Promise of Meeting Development Regulations The Promise of Preserving Native Ecosystems The Promise of Beauty Acknowledgements References DIMENSIONS OF POROUS PAVEMENT INSTALLATIONS Porous Pavement Components Porous Pavement Materials Examples of Selective Application Provisions for All Porous Pavement Applications Acknowledgements Trademarks References POROUS PAVEMENT STRUCTURE The Load of Traffic on Pavement The Bearing of Load by Subgrade The Structural Roles of Pavement Material Compaction and Its Alternatives Pavement Adaptation to Freezing Pavement Adaptation to Special Subgrades Pavement Adaptation at Edges Acknowledgements Trademarks References POROUS PAVEMENT HYDROLOGY Surface Infiltration and Runoff Disposition of Water Below Pavement Surface Storage in Pavement Reservoir Reservoir Discharge Through Perforated Pipe Infiltration Into Subgrade Water-Quality Treatment The Importance of Small Storms Acknowledgements Trademarks References POROUS PAVEMENT TREE ROOTING MEDIA Viable Rooting Media Rooting Volume The Role of a Pavement's Surface Course Base Course Rooting Media Rooting Space in Subgrade Special Treatment at the Tree Base Acknowledgements Trademarks References POROUS AGGREGATE General Characteristics of Aggregate Materials Mineral Aggregate Materials ESCS Aggregate Materials Recycled Aggregate Materials Porous Aggregate Surfaces Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Pedestrian Plazas Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Residential Driveways Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Parking Lots Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Work and Equipment Platforms Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Playgrounds Porous Aggregate Base Courses and Reservoirs Porous Aggregate Filter Layers and Use of Geotextiles Acknowledgements Trademarks References POROUS TURF R.B. Sawhill Relationship Between Turf and Traffic Turfgrass Species and Varieties Turf Construction Turf Maintenance Turf Infiltration Rate Unreinforced Turf for Pedestrian Traffic Unreinforced Turf for Vehicular Traffic Turf Reinforcement Reinforced Turf for Vehicular Traffic Acknowledgements Trademarks References PLASTIC GEOCELLS Geocell Installation Maintenance Cost Geoblock Grasspave Grassroad and Tufftrack Grassy Pavers Gravelpave Netpave Other Models of Plastic Geocells Flexible Plastic Webs Acknowledgements Trademarks References OPEN-JOINTED PAVING BLOCKS The Concrete Paving Block Industry Configuration and Use of Block Surfaces Construction of Open-Jointed Block Pavements Joint-Fill Materials and Their Implications Factors in Stability and Infiltration Drainstone Concrete Block Ecoloc Concrete Block Eco-Logic Concrete Block Eco-Stone Concrete Block SF-Rima Concrete Block Paving Blocks of Other Materials Open Patterns With Rectangular Paving Blocks Acknowledgements Trademarks References OPEN-CELLED PAVING GRIDS The Concrete Grid Manufacturing Industry Construction of Open-Celled Grid Pavements Grass Performance in Grid Cells Ambergrid Concrete Grid Checkerblock Concrete Grid Grasscrete Concrete Grid Slab Monoslab Concrete Grid Turfstone Concrete Grid Other Models of Concrete Grids Open-Celled Paving Bricks Acknowledgements Trademarks References POROUS CONCRETE The Porous Concrete Paving Industry Advantages and Disadvantages of Porous Concrete Hydrology of Porous Concrete Constituents of Porous Concrete Construction of Porous Concrete Pavements Joints in Porous Concrete Care Required in Porous Concrete Installation Porous Concrete in Successful and Unsuccessful Installations Further Installations on Sandy Subgrades Porous Concrete on the West Coast Porous Concrete on Fine-Texture Subgrades Toward Porous Concrete in Cold Climates Acknowledgements Trademarks References POROUS ASPHALT Components of Asphalt Mixtures Early Porous Asphalt Mixtures Contemporary Changes in Porous Asphalt Mixtures Construction of Porous Asphalt Pavement Porous Asphalt Construction Cost Porous Asphalt Hydrology Porous Asphalt Maintenance and Rehabilitation Porous Asphalt Pavements in Practice Porous Asphalt in Overlays Acknowledgements References SOFT POROUS SURFACING K. Sorvig The Theory and Practice of Softness Where to use SPS Safety and Accessibility of Loose-Fill Surfaces SPS Installation Considerations for Use of Organic Materials Wood and Bark Materials Examples of Wood and Bark Mulch Installations Organic Crop Byproducts Mollusk Shells Granular Recycled Rubber Acknowledgements Trademarks References DECKS G.A. Coyle Deck Components and Effects Natural Wood in Deck Construction Plastic and Composite Lumber in Deck Construction On-Grade Decks Elevated Decks Decks in Practice Trademarks Acknowledgements References
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Editorial Reviews
"Porous Pavements presents perhaps one of the most complete assessments of what is for many designers a largely misunderstood construction medium…Ferguson has done a commendable job of inventorying the range of techniques and materials available…belongs on the bookshelf of designers, faculty, and students with an interest in the use of alternative paving materials for the conveyance and treatment of stormwater." -Peter Kumble, ASLA, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 96, No. 6, June 2006
"This book is unique as it serves as the inaugural publication written on the subject…a unique aspect of the book is Professor Ferguson's visits and reflections on hundreds of sites of all types of porous pavements…a great resource that affirms the interlocking concrete pavement industry's information about design, construction, and maintenance…highly recommended…[it] will transform the academic landscape by moving porous pavements to the center of training in sustainable site design." - Interlocking Concrete Pavement Magazine, August 2005
"This team of landscape architects has produced a groundbreaking reference volume that will be of great value to educators, researchers, and practitioners in landscape design, urban hydrology, and roadway engineering. …A comprehensive volume on the subject was not previously available. Porous Pavements provides convincing arguments through concepts and examples that justify the adoption of porous pavement technology. …The reference volume is well written and illustrated with a large number of photographs and schematics. …The detailed information given on each topic in the book is referenced very well, and each chapter is followed by a long list of up-to-date references." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Dec. 2005
". . . I would strongly recommend this excellent reference book to all landscape architects and arboriculturists."
– Richard Nicholson, in Arboricultural Journal, 2006, Vol. 29
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