1st Edition

Power System State Estimation Theory and Implementation

By Ali Abur, Antonio Gómez Expósito Copyright 2004
    346 Pages
    by CRC Press

    Offering an up-to-date account of the strategies utilized in state estimation of electric power systems, this text provides a broad overview of power system operation and the role of state estimation in overall energy management. It uses an abundance of examples, models, tables, and guidelines to clearly examine new aspects of state estimation, the testing of network observability, and methods to assure computational efficiency.

    Includes numerous tutorial examples that fully analyze problems posed by the inclusion of current measurements in existing state estimators and illustrate practical solutions to these challenges.

    Written by two expert researchers in the field, Power System State Estimation extensively details topics never before covered in depth in any other text, including novel robust state estimation methods, estimation of parameter and topology errors, and the use of ampere measurements for state estimation. It introduces various methods and computational issues involved in the formulation and implementation of the weighted least squares (WLS) approach, presents statistical tests for the detection and identification of bad data in system measurements, and reveals alternative topological and numerical formulations for the network observability problem.

    Preface

    INTRODUCTION
    Operating States of a Power System
    Power System Security Analysis
    State Estimation
    Summary

    WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES STATE ESTIMATION
    Introduction
    Component Modeling and Assumptions
    Building the Network Model
    Maximum Likelihood Estimation
    Measurement Model and Assumptions
    WLS State Estimation Algorithm
    Decoupled Formulation of the WLS State Estimation
    DC State Estimation Model
    Problems
    References

    ALTERNATIVE FORMULATIONS OF THE WLS STATE ESTIMATION
    Weaknesses of the Normal Equations Formulation
    Orthogonal Factorization
    Hybrid Method
    Method of Peters and Wilkinson
    Equality-Constrained WLS State Estimation
    Augmented Matrix Approach
    Blocked Formulation
    Comparison of Techniques
    Problems
    References

    NETWORK OBSERVABILITY ANALYSIS
    Networks and Graphs
    NetworkMatrices
    LoopEquations
    Methods of Observability Analysis
    Numerical Method Based on the Branch Variable Formulation
    Numerical Method Based on the Nodal Variable Formulation
    Topological Observability Analysis Method
    Determination of Critical Measurements
    Measurement Design
    Summary
    Problems
    References

    BAD DATA DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
    Properties of Measurement Residuals
    Classification of Measurements
    Bad Data Detection and IdentiRability
    Bad Data Detection
    Properties of Normalized Residuals
    Bad Data Identification
    Largest Normalized Residual Test
    Hypothesis Testing Identification (HTI)
    Summary
    Problems
    References

    ROBUST STATE ESTIMATION
    Introduction
    Robustness and Breakdown Points
    Outliers and Leverage Points
    M-Estimators
    Least Absolute Value (LAV) Estimation
    Discussion
    Problems
    References

    NETWORK PARAMETER ESTIMATION
    Introduction
    Influence of Parameter Errors on State Estimation Results
    Identification of Suspicious Parameters
    Classification of Parameter Estimation Methods
    Parameter Estimation Based on Residua! Sensitivity Analysis
    Parameter Estimation Based on State Vector Augmentation
    Parameter Estimation Based on Historical Series of Data
    Transformer Tap Estimation
    Observability of Network Parameters
    Discussion
    Problems
    References

    TOPOLOGY ERROR PROCESSING
    Introduction
    Types of Topology Errors
    Detection of Topology Errors
    Classification of Methods for Topology Error Analysis
    Preliminary Topology Validation
    Branch Status Errors
    Substation Configuration Errors
    Substation Graph and Reduced Model
    Implicit Substation Model: State and Status Estimation
    Observability Analysis Revisited
    Problems
    References

    STATE ESTIMATION USING AMPERE MEASUREMENTS
    Introduction
    Modeling of Ampere Measurements
    Difficulties in Using Ampere Measurements
    Inequality-Constrained State Estimation
    Heuristic Determination of F-# Solution Uniqueness
    Algorithmic Determination of Solution Uniqueness
    Identification of Nonuniquely Observable Branches
    Measurement Classification and Bad Data Identification
    Problems
    References

    Appendix A Review of Basic Statistics
    Appendix B Review of Sparse Linear Equation Solution
    References
    Index

    Biography

    Ali Abur

    "This is a comprehensive book on state estimation intended for students and practitioners in power engineering. It is also of high interest for applied mathematicians working in statistics and operations research. Easy-to-read and enjoyable… the book is well structured and most theoretical developments are illustrated with insightful examples, State-of-the-art developments as well as historical references are provided. Certainly, this book constitutes a fundamental addition to the state estimation literature by two well-known experts on the subject."
    - IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 2, March/April 2005

    "…brings a fresh perspective to the problem of state estimation…offers a blend of theory and mathematical rigor that is unique and very exciting."

    -- Fernando L. Alvarado, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    "Throughout the book, the principles being explained are illustrated with exceptionally clear line drawings, appropriate mathematical formulations and with a large number of excellent scanning electron micrographs. …The book provides an excellent reference for materials engineers and designers who may be confronted with wear problems in design. It would also serve as a graduate or senior-level text in a materials science course on wear."
    -Richard D. Waltein, P.E., JOM On-Line, Jan. 2006